Pulse phase dependence of the magnetar bursts

We report here results from a study of X-ray bursts from 3 magnetar candidates (SGR 1806-20, SGR 1900+14 and AXP 1E 2259+586). We have searched for a pulse phase dependence of the X-ray burst rate from these sources. X-ray light curves were obtained with the Proportional Counter Array on-board the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer during the periods of intense burst activity in these sources. On detailed analysis of the three sources, we found a very significant burst rate for all pulsar phases. However, some locations appear to produce bursts slightly more often, rendering the non-isotropic distribution. Only in the case of SGR 1900+14, there is a clear pulse phase dependence of burst rate.     

磁星能量注入模型拟合伽玛射线暴X射线余辉光变曲线

某些伽玛射线暴(简称伽玛暴)的中心致密天体可能是一颗具有强磁场的毫秒脉冲星,它通过磁偶极辐射可对伽玛暴外激波注入能量,从而导致早期余辉光变曲线的变平.近年来,从Swift卫星观测到的大量伽玛暴X射线余辉中发现,很多X射线余辉光变曲线在暴后10~2～10~4s期间的确存在明显的变平现象.利用周期为毫秒量级的磁星能量注入模型对11个加玛暴的X射线余辉光变曲线进行了拟合,显示该模型在解释余辉变平现象上的有效性和广泛性,通过对余辉光变曲线的拟合,同时也给出了相关中心磁星的磁场强度和旋转周期.     

Foreword

Protons of energy 10⁹ GeV and 10⁴ GeV accelerating by the magnetic field of very strongly magnetized neutron stars and of extreme Kerr-Newmann black holes (respectively) may undergo instantaneous decay.     

Equation of state and anisotropy of pressure of magnetars

Magnetars are the neutron stars with the highest magnetic fields up to 10¹⁵–10¹⁶ G. It has been proposed that they are also responsible for a variety of extra-galactic phenomena, ranging from giant flares in nearby galaxies to fast radio bursts. Utilizing a relativistic mean field model and a variable magnetic field configuration, we investigate the effects of strong magnetic fields on the equation of state and anisotropy of pressure of magnetars. It is found that the mass and radius of low-mass magnetars are weakly enhanced under the action of the strong magnetic field, and the anisotropy of pressure can be ignored. Unlike other previous investigations, the magnetic field is unable to violate the mass limit of the neutron stars.     

The magnetar crustal magneto-thermal evolution

Magnetars are a type of pulsars powered by magnetic field energy. Part of the X-ray luminosities of magnetars in quiescence have a thermal origin and can be fitted by a blackbody spectrum with the surface temperature, much higher than the typical values for rotation-powered pulsars. The persistent thermal emissions and bursts of magnetars indicate the presence of some internal heat sources in their outer crusts. In this work, we have formulated the energy balance equation and applied it to investigate the thermal evolution in the magnetar crust, taking into account the heating mechanisms of Ohmic decay and electron capture processes. This model can explain the changes in the X-ray luminosity of the magnetars.     

快速射电暴光学对应体在中国未来大视场望远镜中的可探测性分析

快速射电暴是近年来发展最快的天文学科之一. 理论上, 快速射电暴可能存在毫秒到小时时标的光学\lk对应体. 快速射电暴光学对应体有可能在中国未来大视场望远镜中探测到, 例如: 中国空间站工程巡天望远\lk镜(China Space Station Telescope, CSST)、中国科学技术大学和紫金山天文台合作的2.5m大视场巡天望远镜(Wide Field Survey Telescope, WFST)和地球2.0 (Earth 2.0, ET)等. 快速射电暴光学对应体通常分为毫秒时标光学对应体、小时时标光学对应体和光学余辉. 前两者可产生于快速射电暴的高能外延或是快速射电暴的射电辐射与高能电子的逆康普顿散射, 探测率与光学-射电流量比$\eta_\nu$关系密切. 对于毫秒时标光学对应体, 最理想情况下WFST、CSST和ET的探测率可以达到每年上百个. 当$\eta_\nu$~10^-3时, WFST、CSST的年探测率仅 为1个的量级, ET的年探测率为19.5个. 对于小时时标光学对应体, 最理想情况下超新星遗迹的年龄为5年且$\eta_\nu$约为10^-6时, 年探测率可到100以上. FRB 200428的X射线对应体表明, 快速射电暴可能产生相对论性外流并且与星际介质相互作用产生光学余辉. 结合快速射电暴的能量、在宇宙中的分布以及标准余辉模型, 可以对快速射电暴余辉的可探测性进行研究. 当总能量-射电能量比与FRB 200428类似(ζ = 10⁵)时, CSST、WFST和ET的 年探测率分别为1.3、1.0和67个.