潮滩演变规律在围堤选线中的应用——以江苏辐射沙洲内缘区为例

滩涂围垦是沿海地区耕地占补平衡的重要手段。如何进行合理的围堤选线,尽可能减小围堤对潮滩水沙环境的影响,使匡围后的潮滩演变不影响海堤安全,是围海工程设计时必须考虑的问题。以江苏辐射沙洲内缘区仓东垦区匡围工程为例,运用潮滩均衡态概念框架,对条子泥西侧岸滩平均高潮位点变化、师地岛形成及潮沟活动性等潮滩演变特征及趋势进行了分析,并重点探讨了其在围堤选线中的应用。     

浙江省海塘塘顶高程的确定

介绍了浙江省海塘塘顶高程确定时所涉及的波浪爬高，越浪量等的计量，同时分析了1997年后浙江省海塘塘顶高程确定的方法，由已建海塘的塘顶高程分析可见，在背水坡和塘顶有保护措施的情况下，采用允许最大越波流量来控制海塘塘顶高程，可适当降低塘身高度。     

汕尾风暴潮频率与海堤改造初探

通过研究1970-2005年间汕尾港遭受风暴潮袭击的程度,对汕尾港风暴潮增水情况进行分析,用Pearson-Ⅲ分布和Gumbel分布两种概率统计方法分别对汕尾港不同重现期潮位值进行推算,并以此为基础结合走访相关单位和实地踏勘收集汕尾海堤历史和现状资料、风暴潮频率和海平面变化情况等,运用海堤工程设计防潮相关标准探讨汕尾已建海堤存在的问题,并针对性地提出改造建议,为汕尾市海堤的修复加固和管理提供参考.     

斜向和多向不规则波在斜坡堤上的平均越浪量的试验研究

通过三维物理模型试验研究了在斜坡堤上斜向和多向不规则波在非破碎条件下的平均越浪量与波浪参数及堤参数的关系.着重考察了波浪以小角度(0°~30°)斜向入射时平均越浪量的变化情况,肯定了多向波的越浪量在这一范围内有所谓“小角度斜向增加”的现象,但否定了单向波也具有这一现象.在考察波浪的方向分布影响时发现波浪斜向入射时多向波的越浪量往往要比单向波的大.比较了已有的相关研究成果,给出了适用于混凝土护面和扭工字块体护面斜坡堤上斜向和多向不规则波的平均越浪量的估算公式.     

Experimental investigation of tsunami bore impact pressure on a perforated seawall

Catastrophic failures of many tsunami barriers along the affected coasts during the 2011 Tohoku earthquake tsunami has prompted extensive investigation into improving and revising design codes for tsunami defence structures. To date, researchers and coastal engineers are investigating to understand the failure mechanisms and to find solutions so that the structures merely remain intact in the extreme event such as tsunami. Thus, the present work is motivated to experimentally study tsunami-induced bore pressures exerted on vertical seawalls; a solid vertical wall and a porous vertical seawall that consisted of a perforated front wall and a solid rear wall. Bores with various heights and velocities were generated by using the dam-break method. A porous seawall with 20% porosity of perforated front wall was used in this study. Bore pressures exerted on the solid rear wall and chamber oscillations that occurred in the experiments were also discussed. The experimental results showed that multiple peak pressures were observed during bore run-up phase in the time series of bore impacts. A predictive equation to estimate the maximum bore pressure on a perforated seawall was developed using multiple regression analysis. The proposed equation was also compared with previous empirical formulas.     

决口海堤水波传播模拟和分析研究Ⅱ:2D传播

应用经验证的SWASH数学模型,分析了海堤决口中心线沿线实测水深分布规律和保护区淹没水量与淹没面积。对不同特征水深进行验证,进而探讨不同波要素对不同形式的海堤决口堤后特征水深分布情况以及波浪传播距离与时间的关系;分析了物理模型试验中海堤决口宽度以及不同波要素对堤后洪水波演进的影响;计算了不同决口深度和宽度对洪水波传播的影响,建立堤后水体淹没水量和淹没面积分布公式。成果可供我国沿海城市和地区在风暴潮和台风浪作用下海堤决口风险图绘制参考。     

上海市海塘滩涂行业信息管理系统研究

海塘、滩涂行业信息管理系统是防汛抗台的重要非工程措施。根据上海市海塘滩涂行业的管理特点,研究了适应行业管理特色的统一数据格式、基本框架和主要功能,并应用于8个海塘管理部门信息系统的构建,取得了较好的效果。详细介绍了系统的数据来源、内容、结构和功能,讨论了系统开发过程中数据库设计、关键技术,并展望了系统需进一步扩展的方向。     

Wave Height Transformation and Set-up Between a A Submerged Permeable Breakwater and A Seawall

In this study, we investigated wave transformation and wave set-up between a submerged permeable breakwater and a seawall. Modified time-dependent mild-slope equations, which involve parameters of the porous medium, were used to calculate the wave height transformation and the mean water level change around a submerged breakwater. The numerical solution is verified with experimental data. The simulated results show that modulations of the wave profile and wave set-up are clearly observed between the submerged breakwater and the seawall. In contrast to cases without a seawall, the node or pseudo-node of wave height evolution can be found between the submerged breakwater and the seawall. Higher wave set-up occurs if the nodal or pseudo-nodal point appears near the submerged breakwater. We also examined the influence of the porosity and friction factor of the submerged permeable breakwater on wave transformation and set-up.     

海堤地基固结系数反演与工后沉降分形模型预测

海堤工后沉降分析预测对工程维护和灾害防治具有重要意义。以海堤工后初期监测资料为基础,运用分层总和法和太沙基一维固结理论反演了土层固结系数,并通过对固结系数变化规律的分析,提出采用改进变维分形预测模型对具有较强趋势性的固结系数进行预测,进而对海堤工后可能发生的长期沉降进行预测。以浙江省洞头县北岙后二期东围堤工程的海堤监测数据作为研究对象进行了验证计算,结果表明,该方法反映了实际土体的固结沉降机制,能够较好地预测海堤工后沉降趋势,具有一定的工程实用意义。     

软土地基上海堤变形与失稳的离心模型试验与数值分析

软土地基上海堤的沉降及稳定性是围垦海堤工程的关键问题。针对海堤工程开展离心机模型试验,分别通过变加速度法及恒加速度法模拟海堤填筑过程和竣工后稳定运行过程,得到了海堤施工期及工后沉降变化规律,并通过PIV技术观察海堤的破坏模式;在此基础上,采用GeoStudio软件分别基于总应力及有效应力分析法,分析了海堤施工期及竣工后稳定运行期海堤的整体稳定性随时间变化规律。物理和数值模拟结果表明,离心模型试验能一定程度上模拟海堤的变形及失稳情况,且与数值分析结果吻合较好。海堤施工期瞬时失稳的滑裂面贯穿软土地基,并使海堤滑体发生了超过1 m的瞬时沉降。海堤填筑完成后地基超静孔隙水压力逐渐消散、海堤稳定性安全系数随时间不断提高。海堤竖向和水平位移最大值分别位于堤轴线处及坡脚处。