超富营养城市湖泊原位生态修复效果分析——以武汉南湖为例

城市湖泊普遍面临富营养化问题,许多湖泊甚至处于超富营养状态。鉴于其在供水、气候调节、景观提升等方面的重要作用,以水质提升为目标的生态修复对于恢复湖泊生态功能、提升城市景观等具有重要意义。文章以超富营养城市湖泊——武汉南湖为例,尝试通过围隔构建、鱼类清除、水生植被重建等生态措施改善示范区水质,探究超富营养湖泊生态修复技术。于2019年8月至12月在示范区进行实验。结果表明：（1）示范区修复措施实施后,挺水植物植株高度显著增加（P<0.01）,芦苇平均株高由0.7 m增加至1.2 m,香蒲的新生叶片在种植后50 d高达1.4 m,二者在种植后90 d,覆盖率均由种植时的10%上升至70%;（2）示范区内透明度由修复前的0.26 m上升至0.77 m,显著高于外湖区（0.26 m）（P<0.01）;（3）示范区内浮游藻类叶绿素a（chl a）由修复前38.90 μg/L降低至3.41 μg/L,显著低于外湖区（101.91μg/L）（P<0.01）;（4）示范区总氮（TN）由4.78 mg/L降低至2.60 mg/L,总磷（TP）由0.76 mg/L降低至0.08 mg/L,二者均略低于外湖区,但均不显著（P>0.05）。总体来看,经过一系列修复措施后,示范区内水生植被得到很好的恢复,水质条件得到一定的改善：透明度提升较多,chl a下降明显。氮、磷等营养水平虽然也有所降低,但与外湖区差异不大,可能是沉积物内源营养释放导致。研究表明,围隔构建、鱼类清除、水生植被重建等生态修复措施虽然可在一定程度上改善富营养湖泊水质状况,但未能有效控制内源负荷,仍需采取底质改良措施以达到降低水体营养含量的目的。相关研究结果可为城市超富营养湖泊生态修复及水质提升提供一定的借鉴。     

虾血对兔耳瘢痕模型的防治作用

为探讨虾血对抑制兔耳瘢痕增生的影响,以成年新西兰大耳白兔建立兔耳增生性瘢痕模型,将增生性瘢痕块分为对照组(A组)、虾血治疗组1(B组)和虾血治疗组2(C组),以不同组瘢痕组织石蜡包埋HE染色,观察虾血治疗对瘢痕组织中成纤维细胞、胶原纤维的影响。结果表明:肉眼观察虾血治疗组的瘢痕较空白对照组有改善;光镜下见虾血治疗组成纤维细胞减少,胶原纤维含量降低且排列较规则有序,差异具有显著性(p<0.001);虾血治疗组2微血管均数较少,抑制疤痕增生效应最好(p<0.01);虾血可能具有抑制兔耳增生瘢痕的形成及瘢痕组织增生的作用。     

Experimental studies on the role of planktivorous fishes in the elimination ofMicrocystis bloom from Donghu Lake using enclosure method

The hypertrophic subtropic Donghu Lake's dense water bloom (of mainlyMicrocystis, Anabaena andOscillatoria) that occurred annually from the beginning of the 1970s, has disappeared since 1985. The influence of planktivorous fishes (silver and bighead carps) on the water bloom was studied for three years using the enclosure method. The enclosures stocked densely with bighead and/or silver carp were free of water bloom during the experimental period. The water bloom that appeared in the fish-free enclosures was completely eliminated in 10–20 days by introduction of silver and/or bighead carp(grass carp was not effective in controlling water bloom). This study showed clearly that grazing pressure by planktivorous fishes is a key factor in eliminating water bloom from the lake. This work was supported by FEBL (State Key Laboratory for Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China) funds and by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No., 3937014).     

双源CT功能成像对肥厚型心肌病的诊断价值

目的：探讨双源CT（DSCT）在肥厚型心肌病（HCM）诊断中的临床应用价值。方法：回顾性分析10例确诊为HCM患者、13例正常人的临床资料和DSCT表现。结果：10例HCM患者DSCT均明确诊断,其中非对称性肥厚9例,对称性肥厚1例;l例呈梗阻性HCM。HCM组室间隔、前壁、心尖部厚度均大于对照组,侧壁、后壁厚度和对照组未见统计学差异。舒张末期左室最厚处室壁厚度与同层后壁厚度的比值（心尖部室壁厚度／基底部后壁厚度）大于1．5。LVIDd、LVID和LVOTd小于对照组,LADd大于对照组。正常人平均室壁增厚率约（57．88±5．09）％,HCM组肥厚处心肌室壁增厚率降低,约（20．10±4．89）％。HCM组左室删、EF大于对照组,EDV、ESV小于对照组。1例HCM患者冠状动脉存在粥样斑块,狭窄程度约85％;7例存在冠状动脉心肌桥,均发生在前降支。结论：DSCT实现了对HCM的解剖形态学、功能学及冠状动脉病变的“一站式”评估,在HCM诊断中具有广阔的临床应用前景。     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE ROLE OF PLANKTIVOROUS FISHES IN THE ELIMINATION OF MICROCYSTIS BLOOM FROM DONGHU LAKE USING ENCLOSURE METHOD

The hypertrophic subtropic Donghu Lake's dense water bloom(of mainly Microcystis Anaabaena andOscillatoria)that occurred annually from the beginning of the 1970s, has disappeared since 1985. The infiuenceof planktivorous fishes (silver and bighead carps) on the water bloom was studied for three years usingthe enclosure method. The enclosures stocked densely with bighead and/or silver carp were free of waterbloom during the experimental period. The water bloom that appeared in the fish-free enclosures was completelyeliminated in 10-20 days by introduction of silver and/or bighead carp(grass carp was not effectivein controlling water bloom).This study showed clearly that grazing pressure by planktivorous fishes is a keyfactor in eliminating water bloom from the lake.