Susceptibility to oxidative stress of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) in the Venice Lagoon (Italy)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility to pollutant mediated oxidative stress of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis in the Venice lagoon (Italy).

In June 2003, mussels from a farm were transplanted to eight sites in the lagoon for five weeks. Oxidative stress responses were measured by: (i) total oxyradical scavenging capacity (TOSC) assay, for an overall evaluation of the oxidative stress response capability; (ii) catalase (CAT), as a key enzyme involved in the antioxidant defence system; (iii) malondialdehyde (MDA), as an indicator of lipid peroxidation, to evaluate an oxidative damage; (iv) metallothioneins (MTs), as they play a role in the antioxidant defence.

The TOSC analysis revealed a reduced capability to eliminate: (i) peroxyl radical in mussels transplanted at Palude della Rosa, Valle Millecampi and Chioggia; (ii) hydroxyl radical at Campalto and Valle Millecampi; (iii) peroxynitrite at Valle Millecampi.

Inhibition in CAT activity, observed in all the monitored sites, confirms the presence of an oxidative pressure in transplanted mussels.

In addition, Pearson correlation analysis was performed in order to observe possible links between the various parameters. The PCA was a powerful tool to discriminate impacted sites, suggesting that the mussels transplanted throughout the Venice lagoon were subjected to different levels of oxidative pressure. Furthermore, it provided an easy and useful tool to summarize the obtained results.     

土壤水分含量对虉草幼苗保护酶与渗透调节物质的影响

以虉草幼苗为试材,通过为期50 d的室内盆栽控水试验,按照土壤水分含量设置7个水分梯度：（10±0.5）%、（15±0.5）%、（20±0.5）%、（25±0.5）%、（30±0.5）%、（40±0.5）%（土壤水分饱和）和51%（淹水2 cm）,研究了不同土壤水分含量对植物的抗氧化酶活性、丙二醛含量、可溶性蛋白含量的影响。结果表明：（1）土壤水分含量在20%~35%之间时SOD （超氧化物歧化酶）活性较高,低于20%和高于35%时,SOD活性下降,且在不同土壤水分含量下试验50 d的SOD活性均大于试验25 d的。（2） CAT（过氧化氢酶）与POD （过氧化物酶）活性达极显著相关p<0.01,均随土壤水分含量的增加呈先大幅下降后平稳再小幅上升的趋势。（3） MDA （丙二醛）含量与SOD活性趋势相反,随土壤水分含量的增加不断下降,在试验25 d时淹水组略有上升。（4）可溶性蛋白在20%~40%之间时含量较高,植株生长状况较好,在干旱和淹水胁迫条件下可溶性蛋白含量呈下降趋势。由此可见：当虉草幼苗受到干旱等胁迫时,虉草幼苗会开启抗氧化酶系统以保护植株组织,可长时间的胁迫或者胁迫超过其耐受范围（土壤水分含量小于20%或处于土壤水分过饱和淹水条件）就会不同程度的破坏植物的防御系统从而影响其生长发育。     

现代海底热液沉积物中硫化物集合体和其单矿物之间的硫同位素关系及其意义

硫化物集合体的硫同位素比值介于其单矿物中硫同位素比值的最大和最小值之间。当｜δ2-δ1｜<Δ时 ,δ(1 2 ) 与矿物中硫同位素组成最大和最小值的距离均小于Δ。当｜δ2-δ1｜>Δ时 ,δ(1 2 ) 与δ1 和δ2 的距离有可能大于Δ。对现代海底热液沉积物来讲 ,排除了生物和有机质的影响后 ,直接测定其硫化物集合体的硫同位素比值进行同位素示踪研究是可行的。     

Foliar Applied Nickel on Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) Induced Phenolic Compounds as Potential Antioxidants

In this study, Fagopyrum esculentum (common buckwheat) sprayed with nickel (Ni) (0, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 mM) for different duration has been investigated for Ni accumulation, malondialdehyde (MDA), total phenolics, and phenolic acids. Ni accumulation significantly increased in dose‐dependent manner. Plants exposed for 72 h, showed visible damages as chlorosis and irreversible necrosis. The MDA and total phenolic contents increased at 24 h of Ni treatments. HPLC data revealed that phenolic acids are in good correlation with concentration and durations of treatments. After 24 and 48 h the contents of chlorogenic, p‐hydroxybenzoic, hesperetic, p‐anisic, and caffeic acids increased in Ni treated leaves. On the other hand, p‐hydroxybenzoic, hesperetic, p‐anisic, p‐coumaric, caffeic acids contents decreased after 72 h of Ni exposure. Vanillic and cinnamic acid followed same pattern and increased significantly at 3.0 and 5.0 mM after 48 h of Ni exposure. It may suggest that buckwheat can be possible hyperaccumulators of Ni, because of high Ni accumulation in tissues through foliar treatment. Furthermore, the analyzed phenolic acids have potential role as antioxidants, which provide tolerance to buckwheat against Ni treatment.     

久效磷对海洋微藻细胞的活性氧伤害

于1994年8月－1995年12月运用生态毒理学和生物化学实验方法对有机磷农药－久效磷对海洋微藻的毒性机理进行了研究。结果结果，随着久效磷胁迫时间的延长，3种海洋微藻：扁藻、叉鞭金藻和三角褐指藻细胞的膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）含量不断提高，与此同时，3种微藻细胞的电解质外渗率也相应地增加。这说明在久效磷的胁压力下，微藻细胞内过量的活性氧引起细胞膜的膜脂过氧化伤害，导致细胞膜透性增加，电解质大量外渗，微藻细胞严重受害，进而生长受到抑制甚至死亡。     

苯并(a)对大弹涂鱼肝脏抗氧化防御系统影响的初步研究

苯苯并并（（ａａ））芘芘((ＢＢａａＰＰ))是是一一种种具具强强致致癌癌性性的的多多环环芳芳烃烃,,广广泛泛存存在在于于受受污污染染的的海海洋洋环环境境中中。。早早期期对对苯苯并并（（ａａ））芘芘的的研研究究主主要要集集中中于于苯苯并并（（ａａ））芘芘暴暴露露与与终终反反应应—————癌癌变变的的发发生生或或肿肿瘤瘤的的形形成成之之间间的的相相关关性性研研究究。。近近年年来来,,通通过过对对苯苯并并（（ａａ））芘芘在在动动物物体体内内的的代代谢谢过过程程及及其其致致毒毒机机理理的的研研究究,,发发现现苯苯…