Prosobranch family velutinidae (gastropoda) in cold and temperate waters of the northern hemisphere: history, biogeography, evolution and chorology

The history of investigation of the family Velutinidae from 1776 to the present day is briefly described in the last part of this review; the contemporary system of the family, consisting of 39 species and subspecies, belonging to 17 genera and subgenera, and three subfamilies, is presented here. A biogeographic analysis of the fauna has been made, the history of origin and development of the family, vertical distribution and relation to substrates have been described in this work.     

蜑螺科软体动物系统分类学研究进展

蜑螺科是一类广盐性腹足类动物,主要分布在热带和亚热带海域,是潮间带底栖生物群落的重要组成部分之一,该科动物为探讨物种适应辐射及热带海域生物多样性模式提供了重要研究材料。本文对蜑螺科的国内外系统分类学研究现状和趋势进行了回顾与展望。蜑螺类动物为适应不同生境而进化出多样的贝壳形态,仅依据外部形态很容易产生误导或错误鉴定,因此蜑螺科的分类系统以及一些种属的有效性仍存在争议。我国缺乏系统的蜑螺科分类学研究,已报道的种类还不能完全反应中国海实际的物种数。未来需强化标本采集,在传统形态学分类的基础上,借助分子生物学和解剖学等手段,明确中国海蜑螺科种属组成和区系特点,进而完善蜑螺科的系统分类学研究。     

Genetic variation and population structure in the New Zealand snapper

Fifteen proteins encoded by 23 gene loci were electrophoretically surveyed in two samples of snapper Chrysophrys auratus (Forster) from Wellington Harbour and the Hauraki Gulf. Between 17% and 26% of the loci examined were found to be polymorphic and the proportion of heterozygous loci per individual was 7.9% to 8.4%. Using Rogers’ genetic distance coefficient an overall similarity of 0.98 was calculated between the two samples.

Three polymorphic loci Est‐4, Gpi‐1, and Idh were examined in an additional 10 samples from around New Zealand. Two genetically distinct stocks were apparent: one along the west coast, the other along the east coast of the North Island. There was an indication of stock mixing at Ninety Mile Beach and in the Bay of Plenty and East Cape. The distribution of alleles at the Est‐4 locus revealed a third stock in Hawke Bay that is genetically more similar to the west coast than the east coast stock. Hydrological conditions in Hawke Bay are more similar to those of the west coast than to those of the north east coast of the North Island. Thus it is possible that Est‐4 alleles are selectively maintained in response to an environmental factor.     

中国近海蛾螺科系统分类学研究现状与展望

<正>1蛾螺科简介蛾螺科(Buccinidae)隶属于软体动物门(Mollusca),腹足纲(Gastropoda),新腹足目(Neogastropoda)。蛾螺科种类个体从小到大,小的壳长不足10 mm,而大的可达150 mm。贝壳多呈卵圆形或纺锤形,壳质通常坚硬,表面常被有壳皮或具短的绒毛。壳面较平滑或具螺肋、纵肋和结节突起;缝合线(Suture)深或浅;前水管沟(Siphonal canal)有的稍长,有的宽短。壳口大或狭窄,外唇(Outer lip)简单或厚;内唇(Inner lip)平滑或具褶襞。厣(Operculum)角质,通常为黄色、     

The radular morphology of Nassariidae (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda) from China

The family Nassariidae includes a number of species that are distributed throughout the world. Each species has a characteristic shell shape, tooth shape, and behavior. However, the classification of species in this family of the Rhachiglossa is controversial. We describe the radulae of 22 species from China in detail using optical and scanning electron microscopy. These species are considered to be representatives of two subfamilies, two genera, and 10 subgenera. Our results suggest that the morphology of the central tooth and the pair of lateral teeth and the presence or absence of a pair of intermediate accessory lateral teeth could be used to distinguish among species. We found no support for the subgeneric differentiation of the species. However, the presence or absence of the intermediate lateral accessory plate was characteristic of species divisions. We noted sexual dimorphism in the shape of the teeth in some species, and considerable variability of the shape of teeth within a single species. Based on our results, the genus Nassarius cannot be split into subgenera using radula morphology.     

A new species of Nassarius (Gastropoda: Nassariidae) from the western Pacific Ocean

This paper describes a new species of Nassarius from the South China Sea,which was recognized when re-sorting the collection of Nassariidae in the Marine Biological Museum,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao,China.The shells were collected during several investigations,including the National Comprehensive Oceanic Survey in 1958-1959,and the China-Vietnam Co-Investigation on Marine Resource of the Beibu Gulf during 1959-1962.The morphology of the shell and the radula places the new species of Nassarius within the subgenus Zeuxis.It is named Nassarius(Zeuxis) nanhaiensis sp.nov.     

A new hypothesis for the origin of the supposed giant snail Dinocochlea from the Wealden of Sussex, England

When first described in 1922, Dinocochlea ingens, an Early Cretaceous (Valanginian) fossil from the Wadhurst Clay Formation (Wealden) of Hastings in Sussex, England, was regarded as the steinkern of a huge gastropod over 2 m in length and claimed to be the largest gastropod ever to have lived. Most subsequent researchers have doubted the identity of D. ingens as a gastropod, usually believing it to be a pseudofossil, but no convincing explanation has been proposed for its origin. Restudy of the type material leads to the new hypothesis that Dinocochlea originated as a horizontal, corkscrew-shaped burrow resembling Helicodromites that acted as a nucleus for concretion growth. Sectioned specimens of Dinocochlea are filled with concentrically banded sediment interpreted to be growth rings of a concretion. Modification of a computer simulation designed to illustrate gastropod shell growth shows how the development of a concretion around a corkscrew-shaped burrow could lead to the morphology seen in Dinocochlea. The most likely tracemaker for Dinocochlea was a capitellid polychaete (‘threadworm’) with a body just a few mm in diameter.     

基于贝壳和齿舌对中国近海笠贝总科动物的分类学研究

作者对中国科学院海洋研究所历年来在中国近海采集的笠贝总科标本进行了整理和分类学研究,共鉴定出2科5属11种,选取了其中的9种进行了齿舌解剖,利用扫描电镜对其齿舌形态进行了观察对比。结果表明,笠贝总科种类的齿舌形态包括形状、排列方式以及齿尖的大小和数目可以作为区分笠贝总科种类的分类依据之一,从而将各属、种区分开来。此外,文中利用最新的分类系统对各类群进行了整理和分类,对相关种类的分类地位进行了确立,并对各物种贝壳的主要鉴别特征进行了描述,与相似种进行了分类讨论。     

南海芋螺科一新记录种(软体动物门, 腹足纲, 新腹足目)

在对中国科学院南海海洋生物标本馆馆藏芋螺科 Conidae 标本, 以及近年来在南海补充采集的标本进行整理的过程中, 通过形态分类学方法鉴定发现隶属于芋螺属 Conus 的中国海新记录种1种: 锈色芋螺 Conus ferrugineus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792, 标本采自西沙群岛。文章描述了该种的外部形态, 查明了其生活习性和地理分布特点, 并与相似种犊纹芋螺 Conus vitulinus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 进行了比较, 通过壳口内面前沟部位的颜色可将两者区分开: 锈色芋螺呈白色, 而犊纹芋螺呈紫 (褐) 色; 同时对这两个相似种的其他区别特征进行了总结。