Influence analysis of gaseous absorption on “HY-1A” CZI data processing Simulation and correction for Rayleigh scattering

Besides ozone, oxygen and water vapour should be considered for their absorptive effects on ＂HY--1A＂ CZI data processing. First ,gaseous transmittances under various conditions are computed and analyzed for the band settings of this sensor. Second, transmittances under six standard atmospheres are approximated as functions of zenith angle, the water vapour transmittance is approximated as a function of water vapour content and zenith angle, and the ozone transmittance is approximated as a function of ozone content and zenith angle. Finally, taking Rayleigh scattering as an example, the influence of ignoring gaseous absorption when calculating TOA reflectance is analyzed, and the effect of applying the presented transmittance approximations to gaseous absorption correction for Rayleigh scattering in ＂HY--1A＂ CZI data processing is evaluated.     

基于海岸带成像仪CZI的连云港紫菜养殖动态监测

连云港海域的紫菜养殖遥感监测对于规划紫菜养殖空间分布具有重要意义。基于50m空间分辨率的海洋一号C卫星（HY-1C）海岸带成像仪（Coastal Zone Imager, CZI）数据,利用归一化植被指数(NDVI)和人工目视解译,获取了2018年10月-2020年4月连云港沿岸的紫菜养殖遥感监测面积,并分析了紫菜养殖的季节变化特征。结果显示,连云港紫菜养殖区主要分布于海州湾和连岛附近海域;养殖区自9月至次年5月在CZI图像上可见,紫菜养殖遥感监测面积呈先增加后减少的趋势,1-2月其遥感监测面积通常达到一个养殖周期的最大值,3月初面积迅速减少;基于CZI影像的2019年度遥感监测面积为123km2,2020年为160km2。建立HY-1C与哨兵二号(10m)、高分一号(16m)和Landsat-8(30m)监测结果的线性模型,以Google Earth影像目视解译的紫菜养殖区遥感面积作为真实值,并将哨兵二号监测值转换为真实值。换算成真实值的2020年度紫菜养殖区真实面积为94km2,较2015年度的42km2增长了一倍多。本研究展示,CZI可用于紫菜养殖区的业务化观测,本文同时建议,利用其1-2月份的多期遥感影像监测结果作为年度紫菜养殖区遥感监测面积的基准。     

Comparison of ten notable meteorological drought indices on tracking the effect of drought on streamflow

ABSTRACT

Ten notable meteorological drought indices were compared on tracking the effect of drought on streamflow. A 730-month dataset of precipitation, temperature and evapotranspiration for 88 catchments in Oregon, USA, representing pristine conditions, was used to compute the drought indices. These indices were correlated with the monthly streamflow datasets of the minimum, maximum and mean discharge, and the discharge monthly fluctuation; it was revealed that the 3-month Z-score drought index (Z3) has the best association with the four streamflow variables. The Mann-Kendall trend detection test applied to the latter index time series mainly highlighted a downward trend in the autumn and winter drought magnitude (DM) and an upward trend in the spring and summer DM (p = 0.05). Finally, the Pettitt test indicated an abrupt decline in the annual and autumn DM, which began in 1984 and 1986, respectively.     

海洋一号C星光学载荷对海面溢油的识别能力分析

中国首颗海洋水色业务卫星(HY-1C)搭载有水色水温扫描仪(COCTS)、海岸带成像仪(CZI)、紫外成像仪(UVI)等多套光学载荷，已于2019-06开展业务化运行。溢油是海洋环境监测的重要目标之一。近年来，光学遥感对海面溢油不同污染类型的识别、分类与估算原理得以阐明，其技术优势获得认可，能有效促进海面溢油的精细化定量探测。本研究以中国近海，主要以2019-02-20中国南海东沙岛附近海域一次溢油事件为例，收集了HY-1C星COCTS和CZI数据，并获取了同一天的VIIRS、MODIS Terra & Aqua遥感数据，开展了海面溢油的识别分类及其对比分析，重点评估COCTS与CZI光学载荷对海面溢油识别的效能。结果表明：在弱耀光对比条件下，COCTS、CZI、VIIRS均能有效识别此次东沙岛溢油，且COCTS对溢油的识别能力不弱于VIIRS数据；CZI不仅能识别此次溢油，还能区分此次溢油形成的海面油膜与溢油乳化物，从而提供更多的判定信息；CZI数据中，不同溢油污染类型的光谱信号离散度大于清洁海水平均噪声，展现了溢油量估算的潜力。HY-1C星光学载荷展现了优良的辐射分辨率、高信噪比等性能，随着HY-1D星的发射，双星组网观测还能提供更佳的时相分辨率数据，未来会在海洋溢油的实时、定量、精细化观测中提供丰富的数据支撑。     

HY-1B CZI海岸带动态监测系统设计与实现

HY-1B卫星是我国第二颗自主海洋卫星,针对其搭载的4波段海岸带成像仪(CZI)获取的数据,设计并基于IDL语言开发了一个专用的可视化数据处理与应用系统.该系统以黄河口为重点研究区域,对部分算法进行了优化和适应性改造,具备HY-1BCZI数据导入、预处理、海岸带动态监测产品制作、产品输出、数据批处理等功能,并能够进行数...     

基于神经网络的二类水体大气修正

大气修正是海洋水色遥感中的关键技术之一。近海二类水体大气修正面临两个挑战：浑浊水体造成NIR大气修正波段的离水辐射明显大于零;近海上空存在较强吸收性的气溶胶。本文针对HY-1A CZI,在辐射传输模拟的基础上建立了基于神经网络技术的二类水体大气修正算法,可以由波段1-4的TOA反射率和三个角度反演得到离水反射率、气溶胶光学厚度等参数。利用模拟数据进行了算法的性能评估,并开展了卫星数据处理试验。结果表明,除了在非常浑浊的水体,反演结果基本合理。     

HY-1C Coastal Zone Imager observations of the suspended sediment content distribution details in the sea area near Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge in China

The impacts of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HKZMB) on suspended sediment content (SSC) were analysed in the Zhujiang River Estuary based on data from HY-1C, which was launched in September 2018 in China, carrying Coastal Zone Imager (CZI) and Chinese Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner on it. A new SSC inversion model was established based on the relationship between in-situ SSC and the remote sensing reflectance in red and near-infrared bands of CZI image. HY-1C satellite data obtained from October to December 2019 were applied to retrieve SSC in the Zhujiang River Estuary. The results show that SSC around the HKZMB is ranging from 20 mg/L to 95 mg/L. SSC change obviously on two sides of the bridge. During flooding and ebbing period, SSC increases obviously downstream of the bridge. SSC difference between upstream and downstream is ranging from 5 mg/L to 20 mg/L. Currents flowing across the HKZMB, the change trend of SSC in most places upstream and downstream is almost the same that SSC downstream of the bridge is higher than SSC upstream. The tidal currents interact with bridge piers, inducing vortexes downstream, leading the sediment to re-suspend downstream of the bridge piers. Other factors, including seafloor topography and wind, can also contribute to the distribution of SSC in the Zhujiang River Estuary.     

基于HY-1C CZI影像光谱指数重构数据MNF变换的红树林提取

本文基于广西山口国家红树林生态自然保护区的HY-1C卫星的海岸带成像仪(Coastal Zone Imager，CZI)影像，分析了红树林与一般陆地植被的光谱特征及其光谱指数的相关性，采用归一化差值植被指数(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index，NDVI)、归一化差异水分指数(Normalized Difference Water Index，NDWI)、大气阻抗植被指数(Atmospheric Impedance Vegetation Index，ARVI)及利用CZI波段构建的光谱斜率比(CZI Visible Spectrum Slope Ratio，CVSSR)4个指数替代CZI原始波段形成重构数据，基于重构数据的最小噪声分离变换(Minimum Noise Fraction Rotation，MNF)结果分量，建立决策树并实现了红树林信息的自动提取。研究结果表明:结合本文所选光谱指数重构数据及MNF变换方法，能够有效增强CZI影像上红树林与一般陆地植被的光谱差异，基于MNF变换分量建立的决策树可有效提取红树林信息，经与专家解译结果比对，本文方法面积准确率达90%以上；经随机样本点验证，总体检测精度为88%。     

基于HY-1C卫星CZI数据的红树林长势遥感监测

红树林是一种以耐盐的红树植物为主体的潮滩湿地林生物群落,其生长状态对于海岸带具有重要意义,利用遥感技术对红树林进行监测已成为目前主要手段之一。本文以广西北海山口红树林为例,利用HY-1C卫星的海岸带成像仪数据,结合其纹理参数,提取红树林信息,并对红树林植被指数进行分析。结果表明:2018年10月至11月间,红树林的RVI值均大于1,其中部分区域大于5;红树林的NDVI值的变化处于0~0.01之间,NDVI均值都大于0.5;红树林的EVI指数值主要集中在0.2~0.7之间。不同的植被指数计算结果均表明山口红树林长势良好。