大豆酶解蛋白对凡纳滨对虾幼虾生长性能、血清生化指标、非特异性免疫力和抗病力的影响

【目的】研究大豆酶解蛋白对幼虾生长性能、血清生化指标、非特异性免疫力和抗病力的影响。【方法】凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)基础饲料添加质量分数0(对照)、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%、2.5%、3.0%、3.5%和4.0%大豆酶解蛋白,配制8种等氮等脂饲料,饲喂凡纳滨对虾幼虾56 d。【结果】1.5%组的增重率和特定生长率最高,显著高于2.0%—4.0%添加组(P0.05);1.0%和1.5%组全虾粗蛋白质含量高于对照组(P0.05),对照、1.0%和1.5%组蛋白质沉积率高于其他各组(P0.05);饲料中添加1.5%~4.0%大豆酶解蛋白可显著提高肌肉磷含量(P0.05),3.0%组最大;1.0%、1.5%和2.0%组血清胆固醇含量低于对照组(P0.05);饲料中添加1.5%~4.0%大豆酶解蛋白可显著提高血清中溶菌酶活性(P0.05),添加1.0%~3.0%大豆酶解蛋白可显著提高血清中酚氧化物酶活性(P0.05),2.5%和3.0%组血清中超氧化物歧化酶活性与1.0%和1.5%组血清中酸性磷酸酶活性高于对照组(P0.05),添加大豆酶解蛋白可显著提高血清中碱性磷酸酶活性(P0.05),2.5%组最大;哈维弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)攻毒7 d后,1.0%组累积死亡率最低。饲料中添加大豆酶解蛋白未提高凡纳滨对虾的生长性能,添加剂量高于3.5%可导致生长性能下降,添加质量分数1.0%大豆酶解蛋白可明显提高凡纳滨对虾的抗病力。【结论】饲料中添加大豆酶解蛋白不能提高凡纳滨对虾的生长性能,高于3.5%添加组的生长性能下降;添加质量分数1.0%大豆酶解蛋白可明显提高凡纳滨对虾的抗病力。     

Silicon limitation on primary production and its destiny in Jiaozhou Bay, China——Ⅳ：Study on cross-bay transect from estuary to ocean

The authors analyzed the data collected in the Ecological Station Jiaozhou Bay from May 1991 to November 1994, including 12 seasonal investigations, to determine the characteristics, dynamic cycles and variation trends of the silicate in the bay. The results indicated that the rivers around Jiaozhou Bay provided abundant supply of silicate to the bay. The silicate concentration there depended on river flow variation. The horizontal variation of silicate concentration on the transect showed that the silicate concentration decreased with distance from shorelines. The vertical variation of it showed that silicate sank and deposited on the sea bottom by phytoplankton uptake and death, and zooplankton excretion. In this way, silicon would endlessly be transferred from terrestrial sources to the sea bottom. The silicon took up by phytoplankton and by other biogeochemical processes led to insufficient silicon supply for phytoplankton growth. In this paper, a 2D dynamic model of river flow versus silicate concentration was established by which silicate concentrations of 0.028–0.062 μmol/L in seawater was yielded by inputting certain seasonal unit river flows (m³/s), or in other words, the silicate supply rate; and when the unit river flow was set to zero, meaning no river input, the silicate concentrations were between 0.05–0.69 μmol/L in the bay. In terms of the silicate supply rate, Jiaozhou Bay was divided into three parts. The division shows a given river flow could generate several different silicon levels in corresponding regions, so as to the silicon-limitation levels to the phytoplankton in these regions. Another dynamic model of river flow versus primary production was set up by which the phytoplankton primary production of 5.21–15.55 (mgC/m²·d)/(m³/s) were obtained in our case at unit river flow values via silicate concentration or primary production conversion rate. Similarly, the values of primary production of 121.98–195.33 (mgC/m²·d) were achieved at zero unit river flow condition. A primary production conversion rate reflects the sensitivity to silicon depletion so as to different phytoplankton primary production and silicon requirements by different phytoplankton assemblages in different marine areas. In addition, the authors differentiated two equations (Eqs. 1 and 2) in the models to obtain the river flow variation that determines the silicate concentration variation, and in turn, the variation of primary production. These results proved further that nutrient silicon is a limiting factor for phytoplankton growth. This study was funded by NSFC (No. 40036010), and the Director's Fund of the Beihai Sea Monitoring Center, the State Oceanic Administration.     

Assessing the Germplasm of Laminaria （Phaeophyceae） with Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA （RAPD） Method

Eighteen gametophytes including L.japonica ,L.ochotensis and L.longissima,were verified with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique.Eighteen ten-base primers were chosen from 100 primers selected for final amplification test.Among the total of 205 bands amplified ,181(88.3%) were polymorphic ,The genetic distance among different strains ranged from 0.072 to 0.391,The dendrogram constructed by unweighted pair -group method with arithmetic(UPGMA) method showed that the female and male gamtophytes of the same cell lines could be grouped in pairs respectively,It indicated that RAPD analysis could be used not only to distin-gusih different strains of Laminariz ,but also to distinguish male and female gametophyte within the same cell lines,There is ambiguous systematic relationship if judged mereely by the present data It seems that the use of RAPD marker is limited to elucidstion of the phylogenetic relationship among the species of Laminaria.     

盐泽螺旋藻变种的生长和生化特性

采用１９８４年在美国加利福尼亚大学培育成功的盐泽螺旋藻变种，经扫描电镜，生物量测定和生化分析，进一步研究其基本特性。结果表明，其藻丝呈紧密的逆时针向等宽螺旋结构。     

山东近海牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)自然和养殖群体10个微卫星基因座位的遗传多态性分析

采用微卫星遗传标记技术对山东近海牙鲆自然群体和养殖群体的遗传多样性进行了研究。实验所用牙鲆于2003年5月分别采自山东近海和青岛胶南养鱼场，各20尾，取全血或肌肉组织，以酚-仿抽提方法提取基因组DNA，利用筛选获得的10对微卫星引物进行PCR扩增，反应产物经8％非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离、EB显色，用ImageMasterl D Elite(Version 3．01)软件分析电泳结果，并计算了相应的遗传学参数。结果表明，在自然和养殖群体中，10个基因座位的等位基因平均数(α)分别为6．7和6．1，每个基因座位有效等位基因数(αe)分别为1．8—6．8和2．5—6．7，群体平均杂合度(H)分别为0．8120和0．7310；两个群体间的遗传相似性系数、遗传距离和基因分化系数为0．8558、0．1557和0．0558；自然群体内每个座位上的多态信息含量(PIC)为0．59—0．84、个体识别率(DP)为0．54—0．86、非父排除率(PPE)为0．41—0．72，其累积个体识别率和非父排除率均达到0．9999，表明所选座位属中高识别力的遗传标记，可以将它们应用于今后牙鲆雌核发育群体的遗传变异分析以及进一步的遗传育种的研究中。     

中华乌塘鳢的群体生物学研究 Ⅱ.生化遗传变异

用同工酶谱法发现中华乌塘鳢Bostrichthy sinensis四个群体的遗传变异水平很低,在所检测的30个基因座位中,多态座位比例只有0—10％,平均杂合度仅为0.2—0.5％,物种的平均杂合度为0.33±0.10％。四个群体共享常见的等位基因。虽然其中三个群体拥有特有的等位基因,但其基因频率都未超过5％。四个群体的Nei氏遗传距只有1.68—12.13×10~(-5)。据分析,近交可能是遗传变异水平低和形态特征分化差的主要原因。种苗生产上应注意广泛采集不同地理群体的鱼作亲鱼,以丰富养殖群体的基因库。     

几种养殖鲍同工酶生化遗传的比较研究

运用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对我国主要养殖鲍(皱纹盘鲍、盘鲍及九孔鲍)12种同工酶(LDH、ME、MDH、GPI、PGM、IDH、IDDH、SOD、EST、ODH、ADH、AAT)26个基因座位进行了分析．结果表明：EST、PGM可以作为区分三种(亚种)鲍的生化遗传标记；在所分析的位点中，未发现多态现象，表明三种养殖鲍杂合子缺失严重，其主要原因可能在于哑基因、近交与自然选择。     

合浦珠母贝两个野生种群的生化遗传变异

用聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶垂直平板电泳技术测定了大亚湾和北部湾合浦珠母贝Pinctadamartensi野生种群12种同工酶26个基因座位的遗传变异。结果表明,两个种群的平均杂合度分别为0.1243±0.0377和0.0999±0.0441,与已报道的珠母贝属的其他种很接近。两个种群的杂合子缺失系数分别为-0.278和-0.346;遗传相似度(I)和遗传距离(D)分别为0.9842和0.0159;基因分化系数GST为0.0253,表明2个种群之间有较强的基因流。     

黄鳍鲷LDH同工酶的组织特异性研究

以黄鳍鲷为材料进行两方面研究:（1）用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法，对其肌肉，心脏，肝脏，血清，玻璃体，晶状体，脑等组织器官进行LDH同工酶分析比较，结果表明，不同组织中LDH的同工酶谱带不相同，存在着组织特异性：（2）用聚丙烯酰胺等电聚焦电泳法对其肌肉，血清的LDH同工酶进行分离 ，结果得到12－15条电泳区带，等电点范围在pH为3．65－9．58之间。     

口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)同工酶的组织特异性及生化遗传分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直平板电泳方法，研究分析了口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)肌肉、眼球、腹鳃、心脏和肝胰腺5种器官或组织中LDH、ADH、MDH、SDH、MEP、POD、AMY、GDH、SCD、EST、GLDH和SOD共12种同工酶的表达情况。结果表明，口虾蛄同工酶的表达具有明显的组织特异性。对12种同工酶进行生化遗传分析，获得了基本酶谱。12种同工酶共记录出35个基因座位，其中11个基因座位Ldh-3、Adh-1、Sdh-2、Est-1、Est-2、Est-3、Mdh、Mep-7、Gldh-1、Gldh-2和Scd-1为多态，其多态座位比例为31.43％。