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1.
2.
3.
We estimate (/T)
P
of the lower mantle at seismic frequencies using two distinct approaches by combining ambient laboratory measurements on lower mantle minerals with seismic data. In the first approach, an upper bound is estimated for |(/T)
P
| by comparing the shear modulus () profile of PREM with laboratory room-temperature data of extrapolated to high pressures. The second approach employs a seismic tomography constraint ( lnV
S
/ lnV
P
)
P
=1.8–2, which directly relates (/T)
P
with (K
S
/T)
P
. An average (K
S
/T)
P
can be obtained by comparing the well-established room-temperature compression data for lower mantle minerals with theK
S
profile of PREM along several possible adiabats. Both (K
S
/T) and (/T) depend on silicon content [or (Mg+Fe)/Sil of the model. For various compositions, the two approaches predict rather distinct (/T)
P
vs. (K
S
/T)
P
curves, which intersect at a composition similar to pyrolite with (/T)
P
=–0.02 to –0.035 and (K
S
/T)
P
=–0.015 to –0.020 GPa/K. The pure perovskite model, on the other hand, yields grossly inconsistent results using the two approaches. We conclude that both vertical and lateral variations in seismic velocities are consistent with variation due to pressure, temperature, and phase transformations of a uniform composition. Additional physical properties of a pyrolite lower mantle are further predicted. Lateral temperature variations are predicted to be about 100–250 K, and the ratio of ( lnp/ lnV
S
)
P
around 0.13 and 0.26. All of these parameters increase slightly with depth if the ratio of ( lnV
S
/ lnV
P
)
P
remains constant throughout the lower mantle. These predicted values are in excellent agreement with geodynamic analyses, in which the ratios ( ln / lnV
S
)
P
and ( / lnV
S
)
P
are free parameters arbitrarily adjusted to fit the tomography and geoid data. 相似文献
4.
George A. Athanasopoulos 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1993,11(1):51-65
Summary Results of resonant column tests were used to determine values of low amplitude shear modulus (G
0) of a remoulded kaolinite clay for different durations of ageing and for different values of consolidation stress (0) and overconsolidation ratio (OCR). It was found that after completion of primary consolidation the values of G
0 increased linearly with the logarithm of time and after a week of confinement the value of normalized rate of secondary increase of shear modulus (N
G
) could be reliably estimated. Values of N
G
were found to derease linearly with the logarithm of OCR and with the logarithm of ageing duration. This similarity of behaviour provided a basis for establishing an equivalency between age and equivalent overconsolidation ratio (OCR)eq. The effects of 0 and OCR on the value of G
0 were also established in a functional form that indicated a stronger influence compared to that predicted by the Hardin Equation. 相似文献
5.
T. L. Chelidze H. Spetzler I. C. Getting Z. A. Avaliani 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1990,134(1):31-43
The elastic properties of a physical model representing a damaged rock matrix were studied using a square lattice deformed under tensile stress. The elastic modulusM of such a system varies in agreement with percolation theory as|x–x
c
|
f
, wherex is the damage parameter andx
c
the threshold value of the damage parameter,f3.6. Atxx
c
the scale dependence ofM can be expressed asML
–f/v
, whereL is the size of the sample andv the correlation exponent in percolation theory.The experimental results are of interest in assessing elastic properties in earthquake focal zones and fault zones in general. 相似文献
6.
7.
Atomistic calculations of structural and elastic properties of serpentine minerals: the case of lizardite 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A.-L. Auzende R. J.-M. Pellenq B. Devouard A. Baronnet O. Grauby 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2006,33(4):266-275
The physical properties of the hydrous phyllosilicate lizardite have been investigated by atomistic simulation using the GULP code based on transferable semi-empirical interatomic potentials. Lizardite behavior was first investigated during structure relaxation at room temperature. The Helmholtz free energy is minimum for an equilibrium structure that is in agreement with experiment. The bulk, shear, and Young modulii for lizardite were calculated along with the Poisson ratio. From the shear and bulk modulii, we also calculated translational and longitudinal acoustic wave velocities that are important quantities for tectonophysics models. As expected, lizardite is stiffer in the a direction parallel to the layers than in the c perpendicular direction; the variation of the unit cell parameters with pressure is in good agreement with experiment. The cohesive energy between two successive layers along c direction was calculated at 0.33 eV (i.e., 0.11 eV per OH bond) in good agreement with recent ab initio calculations. Upon pressure and temperature variations, we evidenced that structural changes are mainly pressure induced; pressure being accommodated by a decrease of the c parameter up to 10 GPa. We also found that the change of slope in the derivative of the c cell parameter with respect to pressure occurring around 2 GPa originates from the bending of the interlayer hydroxyl groups with respect to the layer normal direction. 相似文献
8.
9.
Jacques De Medina Laura M. G. Motta João D. G. Dos Santos 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(4):949-971
This paper summarizes the resilient and permanent deformation characteristics of laterite gravels, determined by cyclic loading in triaxial tests of compacted specimens. A study of laterite pavements was carried out on eight paved road sections in the state of Mato Grosso. Also reported is the influence of fine sand admixture, specimen size and soaking in two laterite samples from Roraima and Rondônia in the North of Brazil. The experimental relationships of resilient moduli against applied stresses are interpreted empirically for models what may be incorporated in a structural analysis of full depth of laterite pavement. 相似文献
10.
南京地区新近沉积土的动剪切模量和阻尼比的初步研究 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9
本文通过对南京地区两个工程场地漫滩相成因的砂土和淤泥质粉粘土与粉砂互层土的自振动柱试验结果进行分析,探讨了围压对剪切模量G及阻力比λ的影响,通过与Seed和Idriss建议的砂土G/Gmax-γ和λ-γ曲线变化范围的对比,认为不能简单地把淤泥质粉质粘土与粉砂层土当作砂土或粉质粘土对待。 相似文献