Identifying slope processes over time and their imprint in soils of medium‐high mountains of Central Europe (the Karkonosze Mountains,Poland)

Soils in mountainous areas are often polygenetic, developed in slope covers that relate to glacial and periglacial activities of the Pleistocene and Holocene and reflect climatic variations. Landscape development during the Holocene may have been influenced by erosion/solifluction that often started after the Holocene climatic optimum. To trace back soil evolution and its timing, we applied a multi‐methodological approach. This approach helped us to outline scenario of soil transformation. According to our results, some aeolian input must have occurred in the late Pleistocene. During that time and the early Holocene, the soils most likely had features of Cryosols or Leptosols. Physico‐chemical and mineralogical analyses have indicated that the material was denudated (between late Boreal to the Atlantic) from the ridge and upper‐slope positions forming a colluvium at mid‐slope positions. Later, during the Sub‐Boreal, mass wasting of the remains of silt material deposited at the end of the Pleistocene age on the ridge top seems to have occurred. In addition, the cool and moist conditions caused the deposition of a colluvium at the lower‐slope positions. The next phase was characterized by the transformation of Leptosols/Cambisols into Podzols at upper‐slope or shoulder positions and to Albic Cambisols at mid‐slope positions. During the Sub‐Boreal period, Stagnosols started to form at the lower part of the slope catena. Overall, the highest erosion rates were calculated at the upper‐slope position and the lowest rates at mid‐slope sites. Berylium‐10 (¹⁰Be) data showed that the Bs, BC/C were covered during the Holocene by a colluvium with a different geological composition which complicated the calculation of erosion or accumulation rates. The interpretation of erosion and accumulation rates in such multi‐layered materials may, therefore, be hampered. However, the multi‐methodological reconstruction we applied shed light on the soil and landscape evolution of the eastern Karkonosze Mountains. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Methodology for the diagnostics of soil polygenesis on the basis of macro- and micromorphological studies

A methodology for studying soil polygenesis and lithological homogeneity of soil profiles is suggested. This methodology is particularly important for mountain soils, where the lithological heterogeneity of the soil profiles created by denudation and accumulation processes is often observed. The methodology includes several stages： （a） the study of the lithological homogeneity/ heterogeneity of soil profiles by field and laboratory methods, （b） the stage-by-stage macro-, meso-, micro-, and submicromorphological analyses of soil profiles with additional use of the methods of neighboring sciences, and （e） the subdivision of soil features into the groups of recent and inherited （relict） features. In the latter group, the subgroups of lithorelict features inherited from the parent material and pedorelict features inherited from the previous stages of soil formation can be distinguished. Two major models of soil polygenesis are suggested. Simple models describe the soils, in which new features appear due to the changes in the environmental conditions in the course of soil evolution. Complex models describe the soils, in which such changes are combined with deposition of new portions of sediments onto the soil surface with the development of buried soil horizons （the synlithogenie pedogenesis）. The models of continuous and discontinuous synlithogenic pedogenesis can be further distinguished. It is argued that the micromorphological method applied to the studies on soil mierofabrics, microforms of soil humus, soil porosity, coatings, and various pedo- and lithorelict features yields valuable information on polygenetic soils.     

吉林通化复兴村金矿床地质、地球化学特征及成因机制探析

通过对复兴村金矿床的地质和地球化学特征分析研究,发现元古宇老岭群大栗子组和珍珠门组是重要的含金矿源层,也是主要的容矿围岩.区内的NNE、NW向断裂破碎带是重要的的控矿构造.断裂破碎带内分布的硅化、黄铁矿化、毒砂化是金矿重要的找矿标志,并存在后期氧化富集带.燕山期花岗岩作用区,特别是闪长岩脉与矿体相伴处是是富金矿（化）体.相关的成因机制分析表明,复兴村金矿床在成因类型上为与燕山期构造岩浆活动有关的多因复成的中低温热液金矿床.     

陕西勉略阳区铜厂矿田矿床（化）类型及其特征

铜厂铜矿田位于我国著名的勉略阳地区中,是重要的铜金多金属矿田。在将矿床（化）类型系统划分为三大类６个亚类基础上,详述了各类型矿床（化）的地质特征,讨论了其矿床成因。认为铜厂矿田矿床为同位多期－多矿化阶段－多来源的多因素成矿床。     

浅论黄玉的成因与成岩-成矿模式

根据含黄玉岩石的矿物学、地质和地球化学以及黄玉中的流体包裹体特征研究，借鉴富F酸性岩体系的成岩成矿实验新成果，推出了新的黄玉成岩-成矿模式，力证黄玉是以富氟低熔岩浆结晶为主的多成因产物，不否定黄玉的交代蚀变和变质成因，认为盲目滥用和过分夸大变质（含交代）作用及其成岩、成矿的极端重要性和普适性不可取。     

云南核桃坪矿集区矿床特征及成因初探

西南“三江”地区是我国重要的成矿省,也是块状硫化物矿床三大主要成矿省之一。保山地区位于“三江”“蜂腰”构造南部散开端,因其在地史发展过程中长期处于构造相对稳定的状态,人们并未把该区作为探寻块状硫化物矿床的重点。最近,通过对保山北部核桃坪矿集区的初步研究,发现该区的矿床具有块状硫化物矿床的典型特征,并存在多元矿化的可能。     

珠光岩体中晶质铀矿特征及其成因探讨

本文阐述珠光岩体中晶质铀矿的物理化学特征、产出位置和共生组合。提出该岩体晶质铀矿复成因的证据。认为它主要是岩浆阶段结晶的,自变质与他变质作用也产生了一些晶质铀矿。并提出可能含复成因晶质铀矿岩体内的铀矿床比含单成因晶质铀矿岩体的铀矿床富而大。对今后应用晶质铀矿这个标型矿物的特征找矿将有所启发。     

怀玉山-武夷山-赣南地区超大型金属矿床成矿特征

怀玉山－武夷山－赣南地区发现的十余处超大型矿床,由于不同构造单元－地体结构的差异,其成矿的深层构造,矿源层,构造－岩浆－成矿特点,既呈下的趋同性,又具有各自的特异性,文章指出,在具备成矿基本要素的前提下,成矿多元性,成矿元素聚集机制－递进累积成矿演化系列终端释放效应,特别是有利成矿条件的最佳缔合－聚焦效应,是形成超大型矿床的突出特征。