Effects of geology and human activity on the dynamics of salt-water intrusion in three coastal aquifers in southern Spain

 Mathematical modelling of salt-water intrusion processes in three aquifers on the southern coast of Spain (Río Verde, Río Vélez and Castell de Ferro) reveals that, although all three systems are subject to the same climate and seasonal over-exploitation, geological and human factors have very different effects on the dynamics of contamination. In the Río Verde aquifer, the most important influence is the high volume of extractions occurring during the dry season; in Río Vélez, the intrusion is strongly controlled by infiltration of water from the river to the aquifer, and, in the Castell de Ferro system, an intensely karstified carbonate massif lying in contact with both the sea water and the detrital aquifer represents the main entrance point for influx of sea water and subsequent washing of the aquifer. We have undertaken a mathematical simulation of various possible measures to counteract intrusion, according to the specific characteristics of the process in each aquifer. These measures include artificial recharge, use of natural recharge from the river as a hydraulic barrier, and the construction of a low-permeability barrier. Received: 5 December 1995 · Accepted: 12 April 1996     

论河流水能资源过度开发的地质生态环境问题

水能是清洁安全的能源。但如果对水能资源进行竭泽而渔地过度开发,必将引起地质生态环境方面的负面影响,甚至引发生态灾难。文章列举了岷江上游流域水能开发中的大量事例,呼吁应科学、合理、有序地开发利用河流水能资源,岷江上游流域水能资源的开发现状,应给人们以警醒和反思。     

鲁北平原深层地下水基本特征与水环境问题

鲁北平原因超量开采地下水而引发了诸多水环境问题.本文对其分布规律和演化趋势进行了分析,并提出了对策建议.     

大兴迭隆起隐伏岩溶水资源保护措施分析

以大兴迭隆起地区隐伏岩溶含水系统为研究对象,通过对地质、水文地质条件、地下水开发利用现状的分析论述,从水均衡的角度利用反算法开展资源计算评价,评价结果显示基岩岩溶水处于严重超采状态,并进一步结合岩溶水补径排条件分析了按照目前开采状况将可能引起的环境问题,从可持续利用角度提出大兴迭隆起岩溶地下水的保护措施。     

苏锡常地区地面沉降机理及防治措施

地面沉降是一种危害性严重的地质灾害。由于地下水的长期超量开采导致地面沉降不断加剧。然而人们往往总是忽略了地质灾害与地质模式的内在联系,把大多数原因归结为人类活动。事实上地面沉降的发生不仅与地下水水位下降密切相关,而且还与地层岩性结构、水文地质条件、土的类型、厚度、压缩性的大小、固结历史等因素有关。本文以苏锡常地区为例,对地面沉降的机理进行了分析并提出了防治措施。     

平度市海水入侵成因及防治对策

平度市北胶莱河沿岸由于遭受海水入侵的影响,给工农业生产和人民生活造成了严重的危害。通过调查分析平度市北胶莱河沿岸海水入侵的现状和特点;针对海水入侵的演化特征分析了海水入侵的形成原因,并分析海水入侵造成的危害,提出相应的防治对策。     

邢台市地下水动态现状及初步分析

由于水污染和地表水资源的贫乏,加速了对邢台市地下水的开发。通过对地下水流向、地下水水位动态、漏斗发展情况和泉水干涸等的分析,得出要科学调度、优化水资源,防止水质污染、加强地下水的动态监测和站网调整以及加强对地下水动态的分析计算。     

超采对北京市潮白河冲洪积扇中上部地区地下水质的影响

潮白河冲洪积扇中上游地区作为北京市最主要地表水和地下水供给区,在城市供水中的作用举足轻重。由于多年连续超采,地下水位持续下降,1999-2013年地下水位下降最大达45 m;应急水源地地区地下水硬度年均上升2.6%,密云十里堡地区地下水硬度和硝酸盐氮超标。通过分析潮白河冲洪积扇区域地下水开发利用、地下水位和水质变化情况以及地下水位变化对地下水水质的影响,认为：超量开采导致的地下水水位下降是引起该区域地下水水质恶化的主要原因之一,控制地下水超量开采和地表水污染,并利用南水北调的水进京之机回灌和停采以涵养地下水,是恢复区域水资源和水环境的良好途径。     

广东省超量开采地下水诱发的环境地质问题及防治

广东省地下水开发利用程度虽低,但不同地区地下水的开采极不均衡。一些主要开采区,因过量开采地下水出现了诸如区域地下水位大幅度下降、地裂缝、房屋开裂、地面塌陷、地面沉降及海水入侵等一系列环境地质问题。据其严重性分为I级、Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级共3个等级(区)。针对这些环境地质问题,提出了诸如加强监督管理,严格控制地下水开采量,优化地下水开采布局;实施人工回灌,增加地下水补给;健全地下水动态监测网,建立地下水资源管理模型,加强水情监测和预报等防治措施。     

Spatial-temporal characteristics of land subsidence corresponding to dynamic groundwater funnel in Beijing Municipality,China

Due to long-term over-exploitation of groundwater in Beijing Municipality,regional groundwater funnels have formed and land subsidence has been induced.By combining a groundwater monitoring network,GPS monitor-ing network data,radar satellite SAR data,GIS and other new technologies,a coupled process model based on the dy-namic variation of groundwater and the deformation response of land subsidence has been established.The dynamic variation of groundwater funnels and the land subsidence response process were analyzed systematically in Beijing.Study results indicate that current groundwater funnel areas are distributed mainly in the southwest of Shunyi District,the northeast of Chaoyang District and the northwest of Tongzhou District,with an average decline rate of groundwa-ter level of 2.66 m/yr and a maximum of 3.82 m/yr in the center of the funnels.Seasonal and interannual differences exist in the response model of land subsidence to groundwater funnels with uneven spatial and temporal distribution,where the maximum land subsidence rate was about-41.08 mm/yr and the area with a subsidence rate greater than 30 mm/yr was about 1637.29 km2.Although a consistency was revealed to exist between a groundwater funnel and the spatial distribution characteristics of the corresponding land subsidence funnel,this consistency was not perfect.The results showed that the response model of land subsidence to the dynamic variation of groundwater was more revealing when combining conventional technologies with InSAR,GIS,GPS,providing a new strategy for environmental and hydrogeological research and a scientific basis for regional land subsidence control.