Intermittent surging movements of a coastal landslide

Since the late 1960s there has been a large mudslide in coastal cliffs of Permo-Triassic strata (conglomerate overlying mudstone) at West Down Beacon, 2 km west of Budleigh Salterton, Devon. A total displacement of 100 m was achieved between 1981 and 1985 as the lobate toe of the mudslide pushed forward across the beach in eleven surges of movement. Each surge involved a displacement of between 5 and 15 m and was completed within a few hours. The toe moved by planar sliding, possibly on more than one seaward-dipping shear surface or zone. Occasionally there were additional relatively minor displacements (less than 1 m), but normally the mudslide was stationary between the major surges. After each surge high-oblique aerial photographs were obtained for stereoscopic interpretation. Debris falls from the cliff appear to have triggered some of the mudslide surges. A displacement recording of one surge has indicated that the rate of movement of the mudslide may have been partly controlled by variations in sea level during the tidal cycle.     

青海玉树泥石流沟预警监测工程探索

以玉树日沃囊泥石流沟预警监测为例,探索了泥石流沟监测的方法及对泥石流治理效果的监测。     

西昌市柳家河沟泥石流成因分析及防治

柳家河沟泥石流是近几年发生的较为典型的泥石流。通过遥感解译和野外调查,发现其发生主要受该区域地形地貌、降雨条件和物源条件影响。分析其运动特征,认为该柳家河沟依然存在发生较大型泥石流的可能。提出以拦加固为主,以防护为辅的防治方案。     

雅砻江上田镇沟泥石流特征及危险性研究

上田镇沟位于卡拉水电站坝址下游,地形坡度陡峻,高差大,汇水条件好,沟内固体松散物源丰富,容易引发泥石流。现场勘查将其物源条件概括为四类：沟床堆积物源、沟道两侧崩滑堆积物源、坡面侵蚀物源、人工弃渣物源。分析该区泥石流的形成条件和流体动力学参数,对泥石流的发展趋势和危险性进行预测和评价。结果表明,泥石流形成条件充分,处于发展期,危险性中等。研究成果为卡拉水电站建设中泥石流的防治工程提供依据。     

泥流型黄土滑坡的特征与成因

黄土地区一些小型沟谷的沟脑和沟岸常发生黄土滑坡, 并沿沟远程滑动数百米至千余米, 有时大量滑体滑出沟口形成大面积的扇状堆积体, 造成严重的灾害损失. 虽然此类滑坡的平面形态与粘性泥流类似, 但其发生除由暴雨直接引发外, 也可能由滞后降水、地震、冻融、灌溉等引发. 泥流型黄土滑坡沿沟道的运动具有明显的相对固定的滑动面和滑动带, 与一般的粘性泥流差异较大, 更具滑坡的特征, 属于一种特殊的黄土滑坡. 暴雨引发的泥流型黄土滑坡的前缘部分滑体可转化为泥流, 形成滑坡-泥流灾害链. 通过对近年来发生的典型泥流型黄土滑坡实例分析, 论述了该类滑坡的特征、成因和灾害属性, 为此类滑坡的研究与防治提供一定的参考.     

陕西潼关金矿区泥石流潜势度评价

陕西潼关金矿区位于小秦岭北坡，区内发生的泥石流灾害，其物源90％是采矿弃渣。本文选择采矿弃渣量、纵坡降比、渣堆补给长度与沟长比、沟岸山坡坡度、河流弯曲程度、河流堵塞情况、渣堆稳定性、流域面积、历史上有无泥石流灾害发生等9个泥石流发生的因子，在给定因子权重排序的基础上，采用因子权值与因子赋值相乘后相加的方法，求得18条沟谷泥石流潜势度指数及其排序。在降雨量相同的条件下，潜势度指数可似比风险度指数。     

Finding appropriate interpolation techniques for topographic surface generation for mudslide risk zonation

Mudslides and debris flows are now more common problems in tropical regions than landslides. This article addresses the issue of modelling mudslide-susceptible locations using an information value approach. Landsat 7 (ETM+) was employed to create a land-use map with limited field checks. Other parameters considered were lineament, road, soil, stream network and lithology. Topographic parameters such as slope and aspect play a dominant role in slope stability studies. Maps for slope and aspects were developed from a digital elevation model using statistical surface interpolation techniques. This article offers insight into the importance of the selection of suitable surface interpolation techniques. The three surface interpolation techniques evaluated in the study were: inverse distance weighted, Kriging and Spline. These were found to have varied accuracies of interpolation surfaces for all parameters, including elevation, slope and aspect. Surfaces offering the best accuracy were adopted for the information value approach for mudslide susceptibility zonation.     

Evaluation of Lidar and Medium Scale Photogrammetry for Detecting Soft-Cliff Coastal Change

Lidar and photogrammetry have both been evaluated for detecting shortterm coastal change using the Black Ven mudslide, Dorset as a case study. A lidar-generated digital elevation model (DEM) was obtained and initially compared with a DEM generated using available 1:7500 scale aerial photography and automated digital photogrammetry. The quality of these two data sets was assessed using a third DEM, derived using a total station and conventional ground survey methods. The vertical accuracies (rms error) of the lidar and photogrammetry were 0.26m and 0.43m respectively, although both data sets displayed a tendency to generate heights slightly lower than the elevation of the terrain surface. The quality of the two data sets was then assessed with respect to local slope angle. The accuracy of photogrammetrically derived elevations varied with slope and more so than in the case of lidar
From these basic tests, lidar has proved to be more accurate than photogrammetry for soft-cliff. monitoring. Further research is required to establish whether this trend is applicable to other data sets and specifically for photogrammetric data acquired using larger scale imagery     

Mechanical Aspects of Flow-Like Movements in Granular and Fine Grained Soils

Summary Experience shows that slope movements occurring in similar geomorphogical contexts may display very different styles and magnitude. This has important practical implications, since the risk associated with a landslide depends just on its magnitude. The paper discusses the mechanics of slope failure in coarse-grained and in fine-grained soils with particular reference to flow-like landslides, showing that even small details can affect their movement pattern. Author’s address: Prof. Luciano Picarelli, Seconda Università di Napoli, Aversa, Italy     

泰安市崩塌、滑坡、泥石流发育特征及防治对策浅析

泰安市地处鲁中山区,地形地质条件较复杂,是山东省崩塌、滑坡、泥石流地质灾害的多发区,在强降雨条件下,地质灾害频繁发生,制约了当地社会经济的发展.本文通过对研究区崩塌、滑坡、泥石流发育现状、地质灾害特征进行统计分析,从地貌特征、岩土体特征、地质构造、降水、植被、人类工程活动等方面,深入阐述了崩塌、滑坡、泥石流与地质环境条...