青岛液体化工码头苯罐泄漏对大气环境的影响

预测和评价了青岛港液体化工码头苯贮罐苯泄漏对大气环境的影响．结果表明，苯罐一旦发生泄苯事故，会对大气环境造成不同程度的影响；在最不利天气条件下，泄漏挥发量为3375kg，会导致22人死亡；泄漏挥发量为1237kg，会导致4人死亡；如果同样的泄苯挥发量，发生在微风条件下，则分别有4人死亡和无人死亡；若发生33kg泄漏挥发量，无论在何种天气条件下，都不会导致人员伤亡。     

基于GF-1卫星的海上溢油定量监测——以青岛溢油事故为例

基于GF-1卫星数据对2013年11月22日青岛黄潍输油管道爆炸造成的海面溢油进行定量监测。研究首先采用2013年11月26日GF-1卫星数据对海面溢油进行提取,其统计面积为0.67 km2;其次,结合肖剑伟提出的油膜厚度单波段反演模型估算油膜厚度,最终计算得到溢油量为0.28 t;最后,对Band 1反射率与油膜厚度结果进行灰度分割,将溢油污染程度分为6级,对比发现两者分级结果较为一致。由此得出,通过反射率直接进行灰度分割可以对溢油污染进行有效的等级评定。     

利用雷电定位系统进行电网雷击故障快速查询(英文)

At present, lightning is one of the 10 natural disasters, and it is also the top environmental factor of power interruption. It often causes huge losses to the electric system. The Wuhan High Voltage Institute of the State Grid Corporation of China and Huazhong University of Science and Technology have been researching and developing lightning location systems （LLSs） since the late 1980s. In the mid-1990s, a lightning detection network was created in 29 provinces and cities in China. It is primarily applied to rapidly find lightning accidents, which greatly reduces power interruption. Also, it ensures high efficiency and safe operation of the electricity system. Remarkable benefit is achieved. China＇s LLS went through an ＂orientation positioning - time difference positioning - integrated positioning＂ development process. The positioning precision, detection efficiency, degree of automation, practicability and applied range are improved. Also, a lightning information system plan of the national network has been implemented, which services the whole society.     

Weather as a Chronic Hazard for Road Transportation in Canadian Cities

Inclement weather creates a chronic hazard for Canadian travellers. Past studies indicate that road collision rates increase during precipitation, although the magnitude of theincrease varies from study to study, partly as a result of variations in weather and driving conditions,but also because of differences in methods. The goal of the current study is to improve ourunderstanding of the links between weather and travel risk in mid-sized Canadian cities by using astandardized method for analyzing data from six cities with different climates: Halifax-Dartmouth,Ottawa, Québec, Hamilton, Waterloo Region, and Regina. The study has four interrelated objectives: (1) Toconduct a sensitivity analysis to determine the extent to which risk estimates vary depending onthe criteria used to define precipitation events and `normal' conditions; (2) To compare therelative risk of collision and injury during precipitation relative to `normal' conditions; (3) Todetermine the extent to which weather-related risks vary fordifferent Canadian cities; and (4) To explore any differences in collision characteristics between events and controls, especially as theyvary from city to city. Results are based on a matched-pair analysis, using six-hour time blocks over afour-year period, 1995 to 1998. Results indicate only modest sensitivity to the criteria used to define precipitation events and `normal' conditions. On average, precipitation is associated with a 75 percentincrease in traffic collisions and a 45 percent increase in related injuries, as compared to `normal'seasonal conditions, but risk levels vary depending on the characteristics of the weather event.Both sensitivity to specific weather conditions and weather-related accident profiles vary from city tocity in ways that are not easily explained.     

含裂隙煤层底板突水规律的数值模拟与工程应用

本文结合淮北杨庄矿某工作面实际工程情况, 利用NCAP-2D-W对煤层底板突水进行多方案的数值模拟试验研究。主要内容包括:(1) 考虑在承压水不变的条件下,设计不同裂隙分布状态,探讨单裂隙、多裂隙、不同长度裂隙对煤层底板破坏的影响及开采矿压对裂隙顶部破坏的影响;(2) 考虑承压水的变化,分别考虑单裂隙和多裂隙两种分布状态,探讨裂隙对煤层底板破坏的影响及开采矿压对裂隙底部破坏的影响。通过分析受采动荷载、岩层结构变化、煤层底板中裂隙分布状态及承压水变化等因素影响的数值试验,获得了随开采工作面不断推进煤层底板破坏区的发展、突水导升高度的递增、突水通道的形成等相关规律。     

钻孔灌注桩常见现场事故的分析与防治

论述了钻孔灌注桩常见现场事故的预防，分析和治理等方面的几个问题，叙述了钢筋笼上浮，导管堵塞，钢筋笼掉入孔内，导管提出混凝土面，掉钻头，串孔等事故的原因和处理方法及预防措施。     

事故经济损失评估方法及计算机程序设计

分析了事故的后果和经济损失,详细论述了由于生产活动的中止和人的死亡或劳动能力的丧失而导致的生产活动中劳动力资源损失的计算方法,并应用面向对象的数据库系统Cache′和Delphi开发工具编写了事故经济损失计算程序,以货币形式给出了每个损失点的损失大小并输出可能损失的报告书,为事故管理、安全决策和风险评估提供了科学的依据.     

Impacts of confining pressure and safety thickness on water and mud inrush in weathered granite

Abstract

Due to the strong disintegration and water erosion of completely weathered granite, water and mud inrush disasters are apt to take place in this zone during underwater tunnel construction. The pore, compactness, seepage path length, fracture geometries and their interconnections for water and mud transfer are strongly influenced by confining pressure and waterproof-resistant slab safety thickness. In order to inspect the influence, a series of experiments based on a self-designed testing system and non-Darcy testing method were performed. The results indicated that the water and mud inrush evolution increased with the increase of confining pressure and decreased with the increase of safety thickness. In particular, the confining pressure mainly influences the initial evolution stage, and a critical safety thickness to prevent water and mud inrush is obtained. Besides, the non-Darcy testing method results shows that the water and mud inrush evolution affects the influence of non-Darcy flow. For example, while the safety thickness was smaller than the critical value, the evolution was large and unstable and its behavior transferred into nonlinear. In this case, the flow changed to non-Darcy flow.     

榆神矿区煤矿防治水的几点思考

为了科学解释榆神矿区矿井涌水量较大的涌（突）水事件,为煤矿防治水奠定基础,分析了近年来区内发生的突水事件及矿井较大涌水情况,提出矿井较大涌水形成机理、红土层水文地质性质、矿井涌水量预测的准确性等疑问,阐述了突破“井田”范围,从区域上研究地下水系统和突水水源,关注延安组、直罗组、安定组、洛河组等砂岩弱富水含水层,从导水裂隙带中寻找突水水源,科学评价各岩（土）层的水文地质条件,采动岩层（含水层）渗透性演化以及探索矿井水害源头预防和区域治理思路等几点思考,提出应该从区域上认识水文地质条件及对煤矿涌（突）水的“贡献”,揭示矿井较大涌水形成机理,进一步加强水文地质补充勘探,准确识别含水层、隔水层及其空间赋存关系,探测大采高、大采面环境下导水裂隙带发育规律,并提出从区域上识别地下水强径流带和局部富水区的基础上,制定矿井水害防控措施的思路,为榆神矿区煤矿水害防治提供借鉴和帮助。      

生态地质研究进展与展望

生态地质学是研究生态系统与地质环境之间关系的一门交叉学科,对国土空间生态保护修复工作有重要理论支撑作用。我国生态地质研究工作虽然经过了多年的发展与积淀,但时至今日生态地质学仍然处于研究和探索阶段。鉴于此,基于前人的大量研究,总结了国内外生态地质研究进展: 国际上,俄罗斯建立了生态地质学研究体系,美国发起的地球关键带研究是与生态地质研究十分契合的主题; 在国内,生态地质研究主要着眼于”生态-地质”相互作用过程与机理以及地质环境影响下的系统性生态修复研究。在此基础上,提出了生态地质学涵义及其研究内容、方法技术创新及学科体系构建思路,以期为服务山水林田湖草沙整体保护、系统修复、综合治理和生态地质系统深化研究提供借鉴。