盆地地史模拟述评

论述了盆地地史模拟的一般研究方法，认为回剥法是现今重建盆地沉积史与构造史最精确的方法详细讨论了地坟实校正、不整合处理和构造沉隆分析等主要数学模型及其适用范围；并在介绍地史模拟研究历史和研究现状的基础上，指出了地史模拟的发展方向。     

Arc–arc collision in the Izu collision zone, central Japan, deduced from the Ashigara Basin and adjacent Tanzawa Mountains

The Pleistocene Ashigara Basin and adjacent Tanzawa Mountains, Izu collision zone, central Japan, are examined to better understand the development of an arc–arc orogeny, where the Izu–Bonin – Mariana (IBM) arc collides with the Honshu Arc. Three tectonic phases were identified based on the geohistory of the Ashigara Basin and the denudation history of the Tanzawa Mountains. In phase I, the IBM arc collided with the Honshu Arc along the Kannawa Fault. The Ashigara Basin formed as a trench basin, filled mainly by thin-bedded turbidites derived from the Tanzawa Mountains together with pyroclastics. The Ashigara Basin subsided at a rate of 1.7 mm/year, and the denudation rate of the Tanzawa Mountains was 1.1 mm/year. The onset of Ashigara Basin Formation is likely to be older than 2.2 Ma, interpreted as the onset of collision along the Kannawa Fault. Significant tectonic disruption due to the arc–arc collision took place in phase II, ranging from 1.1 to 0.7 Ma in age. The Ashigara Basin subsided abruptly (4.6 mm/year) and the accumulation rate increased to approximately 10 times that of phase I. Simultaneously, the Tanzawa Mountains were abruptly uplifted. A tremendous volume of coarse-grained detritus was provided from the Tanzawa Mountains and deposited in the Ashigara Basin as a slope-type fan delta. In phase III, 0.7–0.5 Ma, the entire Ashigara Basin was uplifted at a rate of 3.6 mm/year. This uplift was most likely caused by isostatic rebound resulting from stacking of IBM arc crust along the Kannawa Fault which is not active as the decollement fault by this time. The evolution of the Ashigara Basin and adjacent Tanzawa Mountains shows a series of the development of the arc–arc collision; from the subduction of the IBM arc beneath the Honshu Arc to the accretion of IBM arc crust onto Honshu. Arc–arc collision is not the collision between the hard crusts (massif) like a continent–continent collision, but crustal stacking of the subducting IBM arc beneath the Honshu Arc intercalated with very thick trench fill deposits.     

生物灭绝与人类存亡

近代由于气候的变暖,工业化进程的加快,人口的激增,森林的过度砍伐,草场的超载过牧,化学制品的滥用,环境的污染,生态环境遭到了严重破坏,生物物种灭绝速度较单纯自然状态下的速度要快1000倍。生物物种灭绝对人类生产、生活,甚至对人类生存都构成巨大的威胁。因此,应对气候变化,保护生物多样性,防止物种灭绝,已成为全球性的紧迫任务;中国是世界生物物种资源最丰富的国家之一。中国生物多样性形势总体严峻。中国政府高度重视生物多样性保护工作,先后颁布一系列法律法规,已收到巨大成效;保护生物多样性确保世界粮食安全,是全球人民的普遍愿望。生物灭绝关系人类存亡。人类要秉承天人合一的理念,与大自然和谐相处。     

苏北盆地地震地质分析与构造演化

本文籍助地震地质分析方法,在研究苏北盆地反射时间-深度和孔隙率-深度的关系基础上,分析了横穿盆地的两条区域地震剖面,表明盆地内坳陷的边界断层在晚白垩世形成后,持续活动到渐新世末,在始新世早期活动最为强烈,凹陷内部断裂主要形成于始新世和渐新节,后一期断裂作用主要表现在东台坳陷的范围。分析证实泰州组阜宁组为坳陷式的沉积,中始新世至渐新世为箕状凹陷内充填沉积,因此,晚白垩世后苏北盆地的演化模式可分为:热衰减(伴微弱拉张)→岩石圈伸展(热活动加强)→热衰减(整体沉降)三个阶段。     

华北平原地下水演化地史特征与时空差异性研究

近万年以来华北平原地下水演化经历了百年、千年尺度的早全新世增雨、中全新世多雨和晚全新世干旱频发过程, 地下水净补给与降水、蒸发及径流之间水分通量随之变化, 并且在时空上呈现明显的差异性。基于全新世以来华北平原浅部地下水循环演化过程中水量均衡, 280~350 mm年降水量是阈值。当小于该阈值时, 地下水系统呈现负均衡; 现阶段不是区域地下水净补给最少时期, 而是处于全新世多年平均水平。目前, 华北平原区域地下水位不断下降是人类耗用地下水的强度远超过自然水循环的更新能力所致, 急需规范人类用水行为。     

塔东铁矿床成矿规律新认识

塔东铁矿是我省大型铁矿床,伴生有S、P、V、Co等有益元素。塔东铁矿为海底火山喷发沉积—变质铁矿类型。本文详细介绍了该矿床地质特征、成矿时代和阶段,进一步分析了矿床成因。总结其成矿规律,将对进一步寻找塔东式铁矿有着客观的指导意义。     

云南新元古代地史研究的新认识

较为系统地搜集了云南新元古代的地层、岩石、构造、矿产的相关资料,结合长期进行不同比例尺的区域地质矿产调查、固体矿产勘查形成的认识,从区域地质发展史的角度再度对云南新元古代的地史演化进行研究,得出5方面的新认识。即:1)三江造山带的新元古界包括公养河群(中下部)、勐统群、南坑河组,均为地层层序清楚的浅变质含碳酸盐砂泥质沉积,与中元古界澜沧岩群、巨甸岩群地层层序模糊的浅变质含中基性火山岩的砂泥质沉积构成明显差别; 2)三江造山带的新元古界仅发生轻微变质,变质作用强度带为绢云母—绿泥石带(明显低于中元古界),变质作用时期为早寒武世末期,为兴凯运动的表现形式之一; 3)上扬子陆块的新元古界中,陆良组属青白口系,澄江组、牛头山组属青白口系—南华系,南沱组属南华系,观音崖组、陡山沱组、灯影组(中下部)属震旦系; 4)据南沱组冰碛层与下伏澄江组砂岩的地质年代,造成二者呈微弱角度不整合接触的澄江运动应发生在南华纪早期; 5)华南陆块的新元古界包括屏边群、浪木桥组(下部),屏边群的冰筏沉积、浪木桥组的含磷沉积分别与上扬子陆块冰川沉积的南沱组、含磷地层灯影组中谊村段相对比。     

冀北银矿床类型、矿床地质地球化学、地史-演化模式及找矿方向

对冀北１７个银矿床地质调查和５个大一中型银矿床地质、地球化学剖析研究基础上,从银矿床产出的区域地质、矿床地质、控制地质条件、围岩蚀变、矿石类型、成矿机理、成矿时代和成矿物质演化上,确定了冀北银矿床有３个成矿系列,８种矿床类型。提出牛圈子为火山喷气－热泉型银矿床;蔡家营为古喷气－热水沉积变质－热液叠加型铅锌银矿床;银冶岭为层控－热液叠加型铅锌银矿床的新认识,建立了冀北银矿床成矿模式和地史演化的区域成     

BGHMS: A Geohistory Modeling System for Cratonic Basins

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