脂质体悬浮液结晶对其冻干品质影响的研究

利用低温显微镜系统对含有不同浓度海藻糖的脂质体悬浮液 ,在不同的降温速率下的结晶现象进行显微研究 ,得出不同条件下的冰晶生长图像 ;并研究脂质体在不同的降温速率下的冻干过程 ,比较了不同降温速率下的冻干脂质体的外观和冻干脂质体复水后的囊泡粒径变化。结果表明 ,对于液体药品快速冻结后得到的冻干品质量优于慢速冻结。     

不同预冻速率对猪主动脉冻干过程的影响

本实验将猪主动脉血管的冷冻干燥与微CT扫描结合,对不同的预冻速率下的猪主动脉血管及冻干各阶段进行非侵入地扫描,并利用软件得到的孔隙率与灰度值,比较出不同处理方法对血管造成的差异。其中,预冻过程降温速率为0.5℃·min-1,1℃·min-1,2℃·min-1的血管冻干前后孔隙率的变化率分别为11.9%,16.6%,29.7%;平均灰度值的变化率分别为2.27%,3.64%,6.36%。同时,也对升华过程的界面移动进行了扫描,从血管组成结构的角度分析了造成界面移动变化的原因。     

样品处理与保存方法对表层沉积物中金属形态分析的影响

利用改进的Tessier连续萃取法研究了冷藏、冷冻、冻干、烘干和风干等样品处理与保存方法对表层沉积物中金属形态的影响。结果表明：各样品处理与保存过程对沉积物中Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn及Pb的形态均具有不同程度的影响,其中Fe的形态受其影响最小（<3.3%）,Mn的形态受其影响最大（最高可达10.2%）;冻干对各金属形态的影响最小（<4.6%）;烘干和风干对重金属Cu、Zn和Pb的可交换态（Ⅰ+Ⅱ）和非残渣态（Ⅰ-Ⅴ）分布影响较大,而冷藏、冷冻和冻干的影响相对较小。因此,综合考虑重金属的形态分布及其生物可利用性,冻干是较理想的沉积物样品处理与保存方法。     

用冻干法制备微结构测试用土样的试验研究

叙述了采用液氮真空冷冻升华法 (冻干法)干燥微结构测试用粘土样品的基本原理和操作过程、试验前的准备等方面的内容。采用此干燥制样技术使软粘土样品失水后体积不收缩,无结构变化,样品质量可满足微结构研究的精度要求。      

从织锦巴非蛤提取总类胡萝卜素的两种前处理方法效果比较

以织锦巴非蛤(Paphiatextile)为研究对象,分别用湿法与干法(冷冻干燥法)两种前处理方法提取织锦巴非蛤斧足、外套膜、闭壳肌及鳃4种组织的总类胡萝卜素,并比较两种前处理方法的提取效果。结果表明:用两种前处理方法提取各组织中总类胡萝卜素的变异系数均较小,干法的变异系数普遍小于湿法(P0.05)。湿法处理后提取总类胡萝卜素含量从高到低依次为:斧足、鳃、外套膜、闭壳肌,干法处理后提取总类胡萝卜素的排序结果与湿法处理后提取的结果一致,但干法的得率要显著高于湿法(P0.05),建议以后在对贝类中总类胡萝卜素进行提取时,宜选用冷冻干燥法作为前处理方法。     

Distribution of fault rocks in the fracture zone of the Nojima Fault at a depth of 1140 m: Observations from the Hirabayashi NIED drill core

Abstract Characteristics of deformation and alteration of the 1140 m deep fracture zone of the Nojima Fault are described based on mesoscopic (to the naked eye) and microscopic (by both optical and scanning electron microscopes) observations of the Hirabayashi National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED) drill core. Three types of fault rocks; that is, fault breccia, fault gouge and cataclasite, appear in the central part of the fault zone and two types of weakly deformed and/or altered rocks; that is, weakly deformed and altered granodiorite and altered granodiorite, are located in the outside of the central part of the fault zone (damaged zone). Cataclasite appears occasionally in the damaged zone. Six distinct, thin foliated fault gouge zones, which dip to the south-east, appear clearly in the very central part of the fracture zone. Slickenlines plunging to the north-east are observed on the surface of the newest gouge. Based on the observations of XZ thin sections, these slickenlines and the newest gouge have the same kinematics as the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake (Kobe earthquake), which was dextral-reverse slip. Scanning electron microscopy observations of the freeze-dried fault gouge show that a large amount of void space is maintained locally, which might play an important role as a path for fluid migration and the existence of either heterogeneity of pore fluid pressure or strain localization.     

ppb-PIXE analysis of the trace-element content in precipitation

PIXE is a well established and valuable method for quantitative and qualitative aerosol elemental analysis. Using this method, we have developed a technique to simultaneously analyse the trace-element content in precipitation for elements with Z> 12. Freeze-drying and leaching was used as a nonselective preconcentration technique. A special backing foil to take up the sample liquid to be dried was developed for these experiments. By careful adjustment of the experimental parameters, we reached a detection limit lower than 1 ppb for most detected elements. Thus, it will be possible to analyze precipitation at low concentrations of trace elements which are important for air chemistry and environmental studies.Supported by DFG/Bonn under Sonderforschungsbereich 233.     

A vacuum sampler for subsampling freeze-dried laminated sediments with the application toin situ frozen varves of Mondsee,Austria

A method was developed for subsampling freeze-dried laminated sediments that employs a vacuum to draw off sediment from the sample in a precise way. The technique was tested on anin situ frozen sediment core of Mondsee containing varves 2 to 7 mm thick. Material was subsampled for¹³⁷Cs dating.     

真空冷冻干燥微藻DHA油纳米乳工艺研究

采用超声波法制备微藻DHA油纳米乳,研究了微藻DHA油纳米乳真空冷冻干燥工艺,并对其粉末进行了表征。研究结果表明,当冻干曲线为:预冻:–40℃维持2 h,真空度为0.2 mbar;升华干燥:–30℃维持12 h,真空度为0.2 mbar,–20℃维持2.5 h,真空度为0.15 mbar;解析干燥:25℃维持3 h,真空度为0.15 mbar,且油相与冻干保护剂的质量比为1:4,冻干保护剂选择葡萄糖:甘露醇质量比为1:3时,制备的纳米乳粉末颗粒外观呈乳白色、均匀细腻,复溶速度在10s内,冻干前粒径为(175.6±22.1)nm,多分散系数(PDI)为(0.15±0.62),冻干后粒径为(211.1±23.5)nm,PDI为(0.152±0.116),差异不大,依旧在纳米范围内,不仅保证了DHA的长期稳定性,还扩大了DHA的应用范围,有望成为DHA的新型纳米载药系统。