抽油机悬点投影测量仪

油田抽油机的抽油杆幌动幅度过大，是引起抽油杆断裂的一个重要因素，检测这种幌动幅度是防止抽油杆断裂的一种有效手段。设计了一种基于面阵CCD和普通半导体激光器（LD）测量这种幌动的悬点投影测量方法，通过数字卷积滤波，达到了范围为0－40mm，误差＜0.2mm的技术检测指标。     

局部大地水准面精化系统软件的设计与实现

给出了局部大地水准面精化系统的总体结构以及各分系统的详细设计与实现方法,开发了旨在对相关重力测量数据实现自动化处理的局部大地水准面精化系统工具软件,并应用于某区域实际大地水准面的精确计算。实践证明,该系统能有效提高相关数据的处理效率,有助于局部大地水准面精化过程的规范化。     

天文(重力)水准的新手段及其计算方法

介绍当今确定天文大地垂偏差的新仪器－CCD自动天体测量仪和确定两点间高程异常差的新方法，该方法用单极坐标代替繁琐的双极坐标进行计算，讨论了天文重力水准的误差及垂线偏差非线性影响等问题，估计在不久的将来，用这一手段施测山区似大地水准面的精度可望达到厘米级。     

地壳演化与成矿作用——以川滇地洼系“四层楼”铜矿床序列为例

提出川滇地洼系“四层楼”铜矿床序列的形成与陆壳演化的成生联系,是与本区陆壳由前地槽—地槽—地台—地洼演化各阶段与之相匹配的成矿作用的产物.与此同时,并总结了本区“四层楼”铜矿床序列的成矿作用具有明显的继承性、新生性、旋回性及层控性四大特点和多因复成矿床的成矿模式.     

The mitigation of the vibration effects caused by tunnel blasts in urban areas: a case study in Istanbul

Ground vibrations generated by commercial explosives in tunnel construction may cause structural damage in urban areas. Therefore, suppressing the vibration effects and mitigating the possible hazard after blasting is important. We present a new method of controlled blasting that is environmentally friendly, and easy to utilize for tunnel construction. Small charges in this method are detonated sequentially to produce minimum side effects. The efficiency of the charges may be increased based on the previously monitored shots. This method is utilized in a tunnel construction in Istanbul with five experimental shots. In these experiments, the duration and also the quantity of explosives were carefully controlled. We were able to obtain better results with short durations (480 ms) instead of long durations (9,000 ms) although the vibration levels defined as peak particle velocity (PPV) became bigger while the quantity of the explosive charge increased from 3.088 to 9.264 kg.     

库车坳陷大北地区下白垩统巴什基奇克组储层成因地质分挝

塔里木盆地库车坳陷大北地区白垩系巴什基奇克组储层以细一中粒岩屑砂岩为主夹少量长石岩屑砂岩,杂基为铁泥质和泥质(2%～10%).胶结物以方解石(3%～15%)为主.粘土矿物以伊利石、绿泥石和伊/蒙混层为主,不含高岭石,伊/蒙混层中的蒙皂石含量一般为(15～20)%;主要孔隙组合为残余原生粒问孔-溶蚀孔-微孔隙,占储集空间总量的(50～90)%,其次为构造缝-溶蚀孔,主要的孔隙类型为溶蚀孔和裂缝,总体属于低孔低渗-特低孔特低渗储层.综合分析认为:阶段性的前陆构造逆冲推覆作用对沉积旋回性、水体盐度变化及物源区距离变化的控制至关重要;构造活跃期扇三角洲前缘环境中形成的差分选中-粗砂岩、近源快速堆积造成的高岩屑含量、干旱成湖导致的高碳酸盐胶结和早成岩期相对深埋-后期持续快速深埋压实作用,是特低孔特低渗储层的主要成因;而较优质储层足构造平缓期辫状河三角洲前缘环境中形成的分选好的中-细砂岩、早期表生溶蚀及弱碳酸盐胶结作用、早期构造破裂的复合作用及其叠加效应的结果.     

多传感器观测下带乘性噪声系统的逆向滤波与反褶积融合算法

针对多传感器观测环境下带乘性噪声系统的逆向最优滤波与反褶积融合估计问题 ,本文提出了 1种基于极大似然准则的最优融合算法。该算法中各单传感器间并行计算 ,并且融合中心与单传感器处理中心间无反向通讯 ,因而执行效率较高。仿真表明 ,该融合算法产生的逆向滤波与反褶积比单传感器处理结果有较明显提高     

Roles of Biogeochemical Processes in the Oceanic Carbon Cycle Described with a Simple Coupled Physical-Biogeochemical Model

To evaluate the contribution of biogeochemical processes to the oceanic carbon cycle and to calculate the ratio of calcium carbonate to organic carbon downward export, we have incorporated biological and alkalinity pumps in the yoked high-latitude exchange/interior diffusion-advection (YOLDA) model. The biogeochemical processes are represented by four parameters. The values of the parameters are tuned so that the model can reproduce the observed phosphate and alkalinity distributions in each oceanic region. The sensitivity of the model to the biogeochemical parameters shows that biological production rates in the euphotic zone and decomposition depths of particulate matters significantly influence horizontal and vertical distributions of biogeochemical substances. The modeled vertical fluxes of particulate organic phosphorus and calcium carbonate are converted to vertical carbon fluxes by the biological pump and the alkalinity pump, respectively. The downward carbon flux from the surface layer to the deep layer in the entire region is estimated to be 3.36 PgC/yr, which consists of 2.93 PgC/yr from the biological pump and 0.43 PgC/yr from the alkalinity pump, which is consistent with previous studies. The modeled rain ratio is higher with depth and higher in the Pacific and Indian Oceans than in the Atlantic Ocean. The global rain ratio at the surface layer is calculated to be 0.14 to 0.15. This value lies between the lower and higher ends of the previous estimates, which range widely from 0.05 to 0.25. This study indicates that the rain ratio is unlikely to be higher than 0.15, at least in the surface waters.     

North Pacific Synthesis of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study: Overview

This special issue is comprised of 13 papers, including this overview, and focuses on the synthesis of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) in the North Pacific which took place from 1997 through 2003. The effort was led by the JGOFS North Pacific Synthesis Group, with the aim of quantifying CO₂ drawdown by physical and biological pumps in the North Pacific by identifying and studying the regional, seasonal to inter-annual variations in the key processes, and understanding their regulating mechanisms. Emphasis was placed on the similarities and differences of the biogeochemical regimes in the eastern and western subarctic Pacific. Effort was also made to address the future research directions which arose from the scientific findings during the North Pacific JGOFS process study. A brief overview of the papers from view points of CO₂ drawdown by physical and biological pumps, spatial variability, and temporal variability from seasonal to decadal scales is made, followed by suggestions for the directions of future research. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

水槽造流系统水力计算与泵机选择

提供一种完整的用于试验水槽造流系统的水力计算和泵机选择方法 ,可用于其他类似工程设计。