生物土壤结皮对风沙土和黄绵土膨胀特性的影响

作为重要的土壤物理性质，膨胀性在影响土壤导水性、持水性、抗蚀性以及土壤结构的形成和发育等方面发挥着重要作用。为了探讨生物土壤结皮（BSCs）土壤的膨胀特性及其主要影响因素，针对黄土高原风沙土和黄绵土两种典型土壤，利用膨胀仪测定并比较了有、无藓结皮及其在不同因素（初始含水量、干湿循环、冻融循环、温度）下膨胀率的差异，分析了BSCs对土壤膨胀性的影响及其与环境因素和BSCs性质的关系。结果显示：风沙土上藓结皮的膨胀率为1.93%，较无结皮增加了8.65倍；而黄绵土上藓结皮的膨胀率为2.05%，与无结皮相比降低了76.68%。藓结皮的生物量和厚度与其膨胀率在风沙土上均呈线性正相关关系（P < 0.05），在黄绵土上分别呈二次函数（P=0.02）和线性正相关关系（P=0.02）。初始含水量同时影响了土壤最大膨胀率和稳定膨胀时间，影响程度风沙土远大于黄绵土（包括藓结皮和无结皮）；干湿循环次数对无结皮土壤膨胀率的影响程度大于藓结皮土壤，其中风沙土和黄绵土上无结皮的膨胀率分别是50.00%~620.00%和-2.28%~10.81%，而两种土壤上藓结皮的膨胀率分别是-5.70%~10.88%和-10.24%~-21.46%；冻融循环下4种土壤的膨胀率均有不同程度的降低，降幅为0~18.54%。黄绵土无结皮的膨胀率受温度影响程度较大，50℃下黄绵土无结皮的膨胀率分别是25℃和35℃下的1.17倍和1.21倍。BSCs显著地改变了风沙土和黄绵土表层的膨胀性，其影响的程度和方向取决于土壤类型。同时，BSCs的膨胀性受含水量、温度、干湿以及冻融循环等关键因素影响。     

饱和软黏土动力学特性循环扭剪试验研究

以饱和软黏土的循环扭剪试验研究为基础,阐明不固结不排水条件下饱和软黏土的动力学特性。在循环扭剪和循环三轴两种不同试验应力状态下,通过研究不同围压和不同静、动应力组合下饱和软黏土的应力等效破坏关系和应变等效破坏关系,提出在循环荷载作用下饱和软黏土的循环破坏同样遵循Mises屈服准则,且在Mises屈服准则下,饱和软黏土的循环强度趋于不变量。循环破坏的过程可以等效为一种拟静力弹塑性循环蠕变,建立了饱和软黏土循环累积变形随静荷载、循环荷载以及循环破坏振次之间的关系式。上述结论分别从应力和变形两个方面阐述饱和软黏土的动力学特性,与试验应力状态和围压无关,可以推广到一般应力状态下。     

Effect of Cyclic Loading Frequency on Undrained Behaviors of Undisturbed Marine Clay

Based on a series of cyclic triaxial tests, the effect of cyclic frequency on the undrained behaviors of undisturbed marine clay is investigated. For a given dynamic stress ratio, the accumulated pore water pressure and dynamic strain increase with the number of cycles. There exists a threshold value for beth the accumulated pore water pressure and dynamic strain, below which the effect of cyclic frequency is very small, but above which the accumulated pore water pressure and dynamic strain increase intensely with the decrease of cyclic frequency for a given number of cycles. The dynamic strength increases with the increase of cyclic frequency, whereas the effect of cyclic frequency on it gradually diminishes to zero when the number of cycles is large enough, and the dynamic strengths at different frequencies tend to the same limiting minimum dynamic strength. The test results demonstrate that the reasons for the frequency effect on the undrained soil behaviors are beth the creep effect induced by the loading rate and the decrease of sample effective confining pressure caused by the accumulated pore water pressure.     

Direct shear tests on Mexico City clay with reference to friction pile behaviour

Summary This paper presents results of static and cyclic direct shear tests performed on undisturbed and remoulded samples of Mexico City clays, including results of soil-on-interface tests. Experiments show that the static adhesion coefficient depends on the soils' liquidity index and that it diminishes due to the effect of repeated dynamic loads. Dynamic overstrength effects were not apparent, as has been observed when testing this clay in other apparatus. Interface strength in remoulded clays is initially less than half the strength of interfaces with undisturbed materials but it increases with time. At least in the materials tested in this research, it did not equal the strength of interfaces with undisturbed materials. Correction factors derived from experimental data can be used to modify the adhesion coefficient to account for dynamic and remoulding effects.     

铅橡胶复合阻尼器的性能试验研究

介绍作者提出的铅橡胶复合阻尼器的构造与耗能原理，通过不同形状，不同大小铅心的8个铅橡胶复合阻尼器的循环荷载试验，研究了频率、应变幅值、循环次数、铅芯直径、竖向压力等对铅橡胶复合阻尼器的影响规律。研究结果表明，铅橡胶复合阻尼器工作性能稳定，耗能性能和抗疲劳性能好。     

华北地台中寒武世米级旋四层序与复合海平面变化

笔者在对华北地区中寒武统颐滩碳酸盐建造露头层序地层学研究工作中首次识别出层序中最基本的地层单元──米级旋回层序，它是露头层序分析最基本的工作单元。本文总结概括出不同体系域内米级旋回层序类型和特征。这些米级旋四层序在塞向上叠加构成高级（五级、四级、三级）旋回层序时表现出周期性和规律性。这种不同级次的旋回层序的形成受不同动力成因引起的具不同周期和频率复合海平面变化的控制。米级旋回层序的识别与复合海平面变化的研究得出中寒武世鲕滩层序的形成经历了若干次周期性的淹没－间断－均衡堆积－加积进积事件，这为盆地充填史的恢复提供了新途径。     

Study of the liquefaction resistance of a saturated sand reinforced with Geosynthetics

This article presents various tests using a cyclic triaxial instrument, on samples of saturated Hostun RF sand, reinforced with circular sheets of geosynthetic material. Tests performed with different types of geosynthetics of different compressibility, rigidity and roughness characteristics indicate a significant increase in liquefaction resistance for samples reinforced with compressible, non-woven geotextiles. The undrained behaviour of saturated Hostun RF sand reinforced with non-woven geotextiles is analysed on the basis of different test series. This analysis highlights the influence of reinforcement compressibility on interstitial pressure distribution in the sample, thus showing the role of this type of inclusion in the increase in liquefaction resistance.     

龙门山平驿铺组沉积体系及旋回层序研究

本文首次从龙门山区下泥盆统平驿铺组中，划分出河口湾、三角洲、滨岸和陆棚四个沉积体系和三个Ⅲ级Ｔ－Ｒ旋回层序。平面上，四个沉积体系组成了扬子板块西侧的古大陆边缘由过渡相区和滨岸相区相间分布的古地理格局；垂向上，两相区中的三个Ⅲ级Ｔ—Ｒ旋回层序也由不同的沉积体系组成，旋回层序的演化虽然受构造差异沉降影响，但仍以Ⅲ级海平面升降变化为主要控制因素，并具同步演化规律，可分别代表古大陆边缘活动型和相对稳定型的两种Ⅲ级Ｔ—Ｒ旋回层序模式。     

双肢短肢剪力墙结构抗震性能试验研究

根据六片双肢短肢剪力墙结构试件低周反复荷载试验，量测了试件在荷载作用下的变形和钢筋的应变。根据截面内钢筋应变值采用直线和曲线两种方法拟合了截面内的应变变化情况。据此计算出各试件墙肢截面内钢筋和混凝土的应力和截面内力大小，以及各试件墙肢内的局部弯矩和整体弯矩大小。分析了内力的变化规律，并对不同肢厚比大小的短肢墙结构进行了定量评价。     

冻融试验对土中含水量分布的影响

The silty clay and silty loam are two typical soil types obtained from two test sites along the Qinghai-Tibet railway. The two types of soil have been designed various initial dry densities, water eontents, temperature conditions in repeated freezing and thawing tests with free access to water at the bottom. Afterfreeze-thaw cycles, the moisture content in the freeze-thaw zone increases more than that in the unfrozen zone to the peak approximately at the top of the samples. With comparison of the water contents in the frozen and thawed states, the moisture content in the upper freeze-thaw zone in the frozen state is greater than that in the thawed state, while that in unfrozen zone in the frozen state is smaller than that in the thawed state. Within the region of the frost front, the water content in frozen state is smaller than that in thawed state. These findings help to study the freeze-thaw mechanisms deeply and perfect the forecasting module of moisture transferring in freeze-thaw cycles.