建鲤基因组DNA的RAPD分析

用 1 5个随机引物对建鲤基因组DNA进行RAPD分析 ,结果显示 ,建鲤群体内的遗传相似系数为 0 91 81± 0 0 73 8,多态位点比例为 0 41 67,平均杂合度为 0 1 884。表明建鲤种质较纯 ,群体内的遗传变异程度较小。建鲤优良性状产生的分子学基础是等位基因的杂合程度较高     

鲢鱼(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)摄食强度和节律的实验研究

报道用室内实验方法对鲢鱼摄食强度和摄食节律的研究结果,探讨了影响它们的因子。提出鲢鱼在不同水温、不同花粉密度及不同鱼规格下的摄食量的统计分析。指出:食粒密度和水温与摄食量正相关,而鱼规格与摄食量负相关;食粒密度对摄食量影响最大(P<0.01),其次为水温;水温和食粒密度在影响摄食量的过程中可能有一定的交互作用。鲢鱼摄食强度在室内条件下也具明显的昼夜节律。在食粒规格较小、密度较低且溶氧充足条件下,鲢鱼夜晚非但不停食且出现摄食率次高峰。在本实验条件下,鲢鱼的日摄食节律与水温和光照无关,可能受饵料可得性和自身的生物钟节律等制约。     

鲤鱼配合饲料中添加无机盐效果的研究

为查明在鲤鱼配合饲料中添加无机盐的实际效果，在水库网箱中进行了饲料中添加不同无机盐对鲤生长影响的试验研究。结果表明：饲料中添加磷有稳定的积极作用，为必须添加的营养元素；而实验中添加的锌、镁和铜等成分则有负作用，故额外添加和水中含量较高会对鲤鱼生长产生抑制作用。另外，还发现多种元素混合使用时，有相互拮抗作用，减少了磷的正作用及锌、铜的负作用。据此认为，在鲤鱼配合饲料中添加混合无机盐定型产品不一定能达到预期效果，其配方应与配合饲料中大量成分的配方相结合     

围隔实验中水柱颗粒物色素的动态研究

用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)研究了围隔实验过程中水柱颗粒物主要色素的组成及动态变化,并就滤食性鱼类鲢对水体主要色素代谢的影响进行了讨论。结果表明:水柱中的主要色素有叶绿素a、异黄素、岩藻黄素、黄体素、玉米黄素和蓝藻叶黄素等,未放鱼的围隔中实验后期各种色素含量均降低到最低水平,有鱼的围隔中鱼类密度越高则色素含量降低越多。未放鱼的围隔中叶绿素a代谢产物———脱植基叶绿素a、脱镁叶绿素a、脱镁叶绿酸a与叶绿素a的比值均大于其它围隔,有鱼的围隔中鱼类密度大的这几个比值也比较大。     

鱼耳石中锶和钡富集的影响因素及其环境响应

鱼耳石中元素锶和钡主要来源于鱼类生存的水体,这两种元素通过腮或肠进入内耳淋巴液,继而以类质同象的方式沉淀在耳石晶格内部空位和晶格间隙中。耳石结晶沉淀的整个过程不仅受生物的调控作用,而且还受到外界环境,如水体元素浓度、盐度、温度等因素的影响,因此耳石中某种元素的浓度与其在水体中的浓度之比(元素富集系数)与鱼类所生存的环境之间具有一定的响应关系。在以上各种因素中,水体元素浓度对耳石元素富集系数的影响最为显著。一般来说,耳石中某种元素的含量与水体中相应的元素浓度呈正相关关系,而水体中元素之间就耳石中的富集过程也存在一定的相互促进或抑制作用,如Sr对Ba为协同作用,Ca对Sr、Zn为拮抗作用。另外,水体盐度或温度与元素富集系数之间不存在简单的线性相关关系,而是因鱼种、水体综合环境及元素种类不同而有所差异。研究结果表明:鱼种一定的情况下,耳石中元素富集系数与水体盐度和温度存在良好相关关系。基于以上相关性分析,可以认为耳石中元素富集系数与环境因子(水体元素浓度、盐度、温度)之间存在响应关系。因此,可以选用那些受环境影响大但对自身调控影响小的元素(如:Sr、Zn、Pb、Mn、Ba、Fe、Li、Ni、Cd)来建立耳石与水体环境之间元素富集系数的定量化模型,并利用这种响应关系及定量化模型进行生态环境监测和渔业管理。     

Age and growth of Cape stumpnose Rhabdosargus holubi (Pisces: Sparidae) in the Eastern Cape,South Africa

Rhabdosargus holubi is a small (maximum weight=2.4?kg) yet important fishery species in the estuaries of the south-east coast of South Africa. Little is known of its biology and specifically its growth rate, which is essential for sustainable management of the fishery. We examined and counted the opaque zones in the sectioned otoliths of 134 R. holubi to determine its age and growth parameters. The otoliths from two recaptured fish marked with oxytetracycline confirmed that one opaque zone was deposited annually. The species reached a maximum age of 18 years and growth was adequately described by a von Bertalanffy growth function of the form: L_t = 358.1 (1 – e^{?0.24(t+0.77)}) mm fork length. There were no significant differences between any of the male and female growth parameters (likelihood ratio test: p = 0.3). The growth was slow (omega index: ω = 86.56); however, despite this, the unique life history of R. holubi may provide a degree of resilience to heavy fishing pressure in estuaries.     

鲢鱼抗氧化肽对冷藏鲅鱼肉脂质氧化的影响

研究鲢鱼抗氧化肽对冷藏鲅鱼肉脂质氧化的抑制效果和保鲜效果.将不同浓度的鲢鱼抗氧化肽(SAP)添加到鲅鱼肉中,测定了该鱼肉冷藏期间(2 ℃,12 d)的脂质水解产生的游离脂肪酸(FFA)的含量、二级氧化产物的量(TBA-i值)、初级氧化产物的量(过氧化值:POV)、产生的荧光物质的量及多烯指数(PI)等变化.结果表明,不同浓度的SAP对冷藏期间鱼肉的TBA-i、FFA、FR(荧光比值),POV的值都有较强的抑制作用,并呈现一定的量效关系.贮藏结束时,添加浓度为1.0% SAP与添加PG的鱼肉的PI值之间差异不显著.这表明SAP 主要通过抑制脂质氧化的初级氧化产物、二级氧化产物的生成及多烯不饱和脂肪酸的氧化降解而发挥作用.     

Otolith chemical signature and growth of Chaetodon speculum in coastal areas of New Caledonia

Coral reefs are one of the most diverse ecosystems on Earth. They are currently exposed to increasing levels of anthropogenic perturbations. Several recent reviews point to the lack of good indicators for these perturbations especially to monitor their effects on fish populations or fish assemblages. The SW lagoon of New Caledonia is an ideal location to test indicator species in this context as contrasting sites are present within a small geographical range. This study analysed fish from four sites, one with heavy industrial pollution, another dominated by domestic waste, a third with historic mining activities, and the fourth as a control. The butterfly fish, Chaetodon speculum, was chosen to determine C. speculum's potential as an indicator species due to its link to coral, its sedentary behaviour and its wide geographical distribution. The size distribution, growth rate, age distribution and whole otolith composition were analysed at each site. Age and mean growth rate were analysed from daily increments of the otoliths. The concentrations of eight elements (Li, Mg, Co, Ni, Cu, Rb, Sr, and Ba) were measured by ICP-MS in the otoliths of a subset of individuals. The sites under anthropogenic impact were distinct from the control site by fish size frequencies, age distributions, and the chemical content of their otoliths. The chemical elements Mg, Co, Ni, Cu, and Rb showed differences amongst sites. Fish belonging to the sites furthest from Nouméa could be discriminated in nearly 80% of samples or 60% of the cases when otolith weight or fish age respectively were taken into account. Ni concentrations of the otoliths were also higher in the bays where water concentrations of this element were known to be higher, but these differences were no longer significant once corrected for otolith weight. These results should be mitigated by the fact that: (1) despite significant differences between sites in age distribution and size frequencies there were no differences in growth rates or body condition; (2) differences in age or size were not correlated to perturbation levels; and (3) discrimination between sites based on chemical levels in the otoliths, even though significant, was not sufficient to identify the origin of the fish at a level useful for screening tests. The hypothesis that environmental differences between sites would be reflected in the otolith chemical composition is therefore not fully supported by our results.