Facies recognition of some Tertiary coals applied to prediction of oil source rock occurrence

Coals are oil source rocks in many of the Tertiary basins of Southeast Asia. The precursors of these hydrogen rich and oxygen poor coals are coastal plain peats which have mainly developed in an everwet and tropical climate. In these environments water flow and reworking can concentrate liptinitic kerogen in preference to vitrinitic kerogen. The distribution, petrography and chemistry of the coaly Miocene source rocks present in the Kutai Basin are described. The recognition of environmental controls on the accumulation of potentially oil-prone coals and coaly shales in deltaic environments is an aid to predictive source bed recognition in petroleum exploration. Comments on the environment of deposition of coaly sediments in the basins of the Norwegian Sea are discussed with reference to their possible oil and/or gas sourcing potential. The Triassic - Jurassic coals of the Haltenbanken area may become more oil-prone towards the delta margins, and facies mapping could aid oil exploration in this area.     

基于GIS地层剖面数据库和岩性柱状图符号库的创建

本文基于ArcGIS Deskto P9.2,建立了塔城盆地地层剖面的空间数据库,并利用ArcGIS系统本身的图形编辑功能,制作一套岩性符号库,用于实现岩性柱状图的填充,并将符号库中的每个岩性符号进行编码,通过岩性符号柱状图属性码与相应的岩性符号编码的匹配自动实现所有岩性柱状图的符号化表达。     

新疆北部石炭纪地层、岩相古地理与烃源岩

依据近几年新疆区域地质调查结果,结合新疆油田与吐哈油田最新勘探成果,通过区域构造背景和沉积充填演化特征推断石炭系沉积建造样式,理顺了新疆北疆地区石炭纪地层层序,目的是推断石炭纪烃源岩发育层段与主力生烃区范围。下石炭统有效烃源岩分布较广,主要发育于北疆西准噶尔达尔布特山前、博格达山前、准噶尔东部陆东—五彩湾地区早石炭世被动陆缘海相和海陆过渡相沉积盆地;上石炭统有效烃源岩分布相对局限,主要发育于东准噶尔克拉美丽山前石钱滩区、布尔津—吉木乃区及库普—三塘湖区海陆过渡相沉积盆地内。石炭系油气成藏严格遵循"源控论",有效生烃区决定其有效成藏范围,所伴随发育的火山岩体决定其富集程度。优选西准噶尔、东准噶尔、库普—三塘湖区、博格达山前区、布尔津—吉木乃区石炭系烃源岩发育区及其相邻构造带,作为今后石炭系油气勘探战略选区的重要领域和区带。     

柴达木盆地西南部砂6井第三系沉积相研究

结合前人的研究成果,运用野外地质剖面、测井相标志的研究方法,对柴达木盆地西南第三系沉积相进行了较全面、系统的研究,描述了柴达木盆地砂6井第三系主要发育的三种沉积相及发育的主要类型,指出了研究区内有利于油气生成和储集的沉积相类型。     

Weathering characteristics of arctic islands in northern Norway

The arctic islands of the Lofoten-Vesterålen archipelago in northern Norway have a wide distribution of weathered land surfaces commonly located above 250 m with several apparent similarities. In order to investigate the characteristics of (deep) weathering in this region, northern Langøya and Hadseløya were chosen for in-depth analyses. Eight weathering profiles were excavated from various surfaces, and the stratigraphies were logged in detail. Material was collected throughout the weathering horizons, and all samples were subsequently analysed for clay mineralogy (< 63 μm fraction) and grain size distribution. The sampling strategy was complemented by samples from additional saprolites and other landforms such as moraines and rock glaciers. The XRD results indicate that the presence of secondary minerals, such as gibbsite (Al(OH)₃) and kaolinite (Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄), are very common throughout the profiles. Gibbsite is an extreme end product of silicate weathering and usually associated with a warmer and more humid climate, as found in Scandinavia during the Tertiary. The grain size analyses (< 63 μm) show that the finer silt fractions (< 8 μm) tend to be high in the profiles (20–40%), with significant amounts of clay (5–15%) demonstrating that the regolith itself is susceptible to frost sorting mechanisms.¹⁰Be exposure dates from in situ quartz knobs on tors and boulders of local origin suggest > 40,000 years of subaerial conditions. Considering the steady surface erosion, this figure should be viewed as an absolute minimum age estimate. Mapping of the superficial sediments and geomorphological features of the study areas has revealed several common morphological features, which indicate dominance of glacial and periglacial processes in the areas lying below the lower boundary of blockfields (c. 250 m). The weathering mantles are not a periglacial end product, but rather a relict tertiary landform that were modulated by permafrost processes as well as biological processes at later stages. The regolith cover constrain the vertical extension of warm-based Quaternary ice sheets challenging the notion of a parabolic ice mass consuming every mountain top of Lofoten and Vesterålen.     

考虑滑脱效应和温度场的煤层气渗流数值模拟

由于煤层气的解吸热效应,煤层气的运移过程是一个非等温过程。因此,温度场对煤层气渗流有着重要的影响。前人在研究煤层气渗流规律的研究中并没有同时考虑滑脱效应和温度场因素的影响,而在实际的深部开采中综合考虑滑脱效应和温度场的影响对研究深部煤层气运移规律有着重要的意义。因此本文建立了考虑滑脱效应及温度场的煤层气渗流数学模型,利用有限元数值方法研究了考虑滑脱效应和温度场耦合的煤层气运移规律;研究了考虑滑脱效应和温度场对压力场分布的影响;对考虑滑脱效应及温度场因素的煤层气产量进行了预测。得出了随着温度的升高煤储层的压力在降低,温度的升高对煤层气的产量有着负面的影响这一重要结论。     

土屋铜矿上方覆盖层元素分布规律研究

通过对土屋铜矿上方覆盖层不同层位样品进行分析发现，成矿元素Cu在覆盖层底部靠近基岩的原地风化残积层和地表弱胶结层中富集，而在地衰弱胶结层中又倾向于向两“极”富集，即在最粗粒级和最细粒级含量较高．考虑到采样效率和成本等综合因素，在区域调查中，以采集弱胶结层（5～40cm）、细粒级样品（-160目）为最佳采样介质．     

黄河三角洲地区浅层沉积序列及构造沉降特征

在整个黄河三角洲地区和莱洲湾南岸晚更新世以来经历了海陆相沉积的频繁交替,本文通过古地磁和14C测年资料对不同钻孔的晚更新世地层进行了精确的年代对比,揭示了不同时期的沉积序列。并通过27口钻井的联合对比剖面,揭示出本区晚更新世以来的新构造运动表现为二凹夹一隆的构造特征,对黄河三角洲发育位置和沉降特征有强烈的控制作用。     

澳大利亚的第三纪及第三纪—第四纪过渡期(英文)

第三纪的板块运动驱动着澳大利亚的气候和植被进行演化。广布的湿润森林区是澳大利亚老第三纪的特征。一直到始新世 ,生物多样性都在不断地提高。毫无疑问 ,这是澳大利亚由高南纬区向北部中纬区运移的结果。从始新世到上新世 ,澳大利亚的气候总体上要比现在湿润 ,但降水量季节性变化的增强推动了中新世以后硬叶植物和旱生植物的发展。上新世晚期似乎与第四纪一样 ,都出现过周期性干旱。这种干旱与冰期条件有关 ,至少由南澳大利亚晚第四纪的记录可以认识到这一点 ,澳大利亚的这段历史与东亚的气候变迁是同步发生的。在东亚 ,印—澳板块的运动致使青藏高原抬升 ,从而引发了区内乃至全球气候的巨变。穿越赤道区的季风和信风的环流格局 ,致使新第三纪和第四纪中国与澳大利亚的气候系统的相关性更强。     

黄骅裂谷盆地第三系水循环和渗流场形成演化的重溯

在简述盆地地质环境和含水系统、水文地质期与水压系统类型定位的基础上，通过建立数学模型，采用反演、比拟和地静压力等方法，模拟计算了各研究层在各研究时期泥岩压出水水头值（m),Es^2层的依次为2－28，2－26，2－6，2－16，0．5－3．5；Es^1层的依次为2－42，2－26，2－6，10－54，1－14；Ed层的依次为2－22，2－54，2－12；Ng层的依次为10－24，1－5；Nm层的为12－24。各研究层在各研究时期的压挤式水交替强度均小于1，累加值Es^2,Es^1,Ed层的均大于1，Ng，Nm层的小于1；Ed层渗入水交替强度为0.44。各研究层在各研究时期渗流场的高水压带位置和流动态具有相似性，并均以离心型流动型为主要特征。