Geochronology, Geochemistry and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf Isotopes of No. I Complex from the Shitoukengde Ni–Cu Sulfide Deposit in the Eastern Kunlun Orogen, Western China: Implications for the Magmatic Source, Geodynamic Setting and Genesis

The Shitoukengde Ni-Cu deposit, located in the Eastern Kunlun Orogen, comprises three mafic–ultramafic complexes, with the No. I complex hosting six Ni-Cu orebodies found recently. The deposit is hosted in the small ultramafic bodies intruding Proterozoic metamorphic rocks. Complexes at Shitoukengde contain all kinds of mafic-ultramafic rocks, and olivine websterite and pyroxene peridotite are the most important Ni-Cu-hosted rocks. Zircon U-Pb dating suggests that the Shitoukengde Ni-Cu deposit formed in late Silurian(426–422 Ma), and their zircons have εHf(t) values of-9.4 to 5.9 with the older T_(DM1) ages(0.80–1.42 Ga). Mafic-ultramafic rocks from the No. I complex show the similar rare earth and trace element patterns, which are enriched in light rare earth elements and large ion lithophile elements(e.g., K, Rb, Th) and depleted in heavy rare earth elements and high field strength elements(e.g., Ta, Nb, Zr, Ti). Sulfides from the deposit have the slightly higher δ~(34)S values of 1.9–4.3‰ than the mantle(0 ± 2‰). The major and trace element characteristics, and Sr-Nd-Pb and Hf, S isotopes indicate that their parental magmas originated from a metasomatised, asthenospheric mantle source which had previously been modified by subduction-related fluids, and experienced significant crustal contamination both in the magma chamber and during ascent triggering S oversaturation by addition of S and Si, that resulted in the deposition and enrichment of sulfides. Combined with the tectonic evolution, we suggest that the Shitoukengde Ni-Cu deposit formed in the post-collisional, extensional regime related to the subducted oceanic slab break-off after the Wanbaogou oceanic basalt plateau collaged northward to the Qaidam Block in late Silurian.     

东昆仑石头坑德镁铁-超镁铁质岩体矿物学特征及成矿潜力分析

位于东昆仑造山带之昆中带内部的石头坑德镁铁-超镁铁质岩体,分别由辉长岩相、辉石岩相和橄榄岩相的多种岩石类型组成。野外地质资料表明各岩相间的先后侵位顺序为辉长岩相→辉石岩相→橄榄岩相。本次研究表明石头坑德岩体尖晶石Ni的平均含量为258×10~(-6);橄榄石Fo=81~86,为贵橄榄石,Ni含量471×10~(-6)~2 279×10~(-6),平均为1 153×10~(-6);斜方辉石的En=80.35~83.89,平均82.51。根据Mg-Fe在结晶相橄榄石和熔体之间的分配系数,利用Fo值最高的橄榄石,得到其原生岩浆MgO=10.5%,属高镁玄武质岩浆。该岩体由上地幔橄榄岩11.2%~14.0%的部分熔融作用形成的。通过对石头坑德岩体的部分熔融程度、原生岩浆、构造标志、岩石组合、直接矿化标志及矿物组合、橄榄石Ni含量及Fo的研究表明,石头坑德镁铁-超镁铁质岩体具有形成铜镍硫化物矿床的有利条件,东昆仑造山带是重要的成镍远景区。     

东昆仑石头坑德镁铁-超镁铁质岩体矿物学特征及成矿指示

石头坑德镁铁-超镁铁质岩体位于东昆仑造山带东段五龙沟地区,邻近昆中大断裂,主要岩性为辉石岩、橄辉岩、橄榄岩、辉长岩等,铜镍矿体主要赋存于Ⅰ号岩体的辉石岩、橄辉岩和橄榄岩中。岩石地球化学特征表明,其镁铁比值(m/f)变化范围在2.77~6.01之间,属铁质系列的镁铁-超镁铁岩,有利于成铜镍矿。稀土总量总体较低,轻稀土元素之间分馏强,重稀土元素之间分馏弱。岩石总体富集LILE(Rb、Ba、Th、U),贫HFSE(Nb、Ta、Zr、Y),具有明显的Rb、U正异常及Nb、Ta的负异常。超镁铁岩类橄榄石中的Ni普遍亏损,指示深部存在硫化物的熔离作用,在橄榄石结晶之前,大量的Ni进入到硫化物中,极有利于形成富矿岩浆或矿浆。可见,伴随同化混染作用的发生,岩浆中S达到过饱和,进而硫化物发生不混溶作用,富含硫化物的岩浆运移至东昆仑造山带邻近昆中断裂构造薄弱的部位成岩成矿。铜镍矿体多赋存在含橄榄石的超镁铁质岩体内,指示石头坑德岩体深部存在高度富集铜镍的部位,是下一步的找矿方向。