自然和自然贡献情景模型研究综述

本文回顾了自然和自然贡献情景模型发展的背景、历史和内容,概括总结了自然和自然贡献情景模型的发展进程以及联合国生物多样性与生态系统服务政府间科学—政策平台(IPBES)情景模型的概念框架,讨论了自然和自然贡献情景模型存在的问题和发展方向。为了在全球层面解决现有综合集成模型存在的问题,根据地球表层建模基本定理和生态环境曲面建模基本定理,提出了具有中国原创特点的自然与自然贡献情景模型概念框架。     

北京市基础测绘技术规程的探讨

分析了规程与现行相关法律、法规和标准的关系,探讨了北京市基础测绘技术规程的内容,介绍了其创新点和应用情况。通过分析介绍,该地方标准统一了北京市基础测绘的技术标准,规范了基础测绘成果,有利于实现测绘信息资源的共享和有效利用。     

Science and the desertification debate

Desertification is an environmental issue that has major environmental and social dimensions, and which has been controversial in a number of respects. The recent UN Convention on Desertification and Drought places considerable emphasis on the social dimensions of the problem and the role local peoples and NGOs have to play in tackling it. When desertification first became regarded as a major issue in the 1970s, science was seen to have a major role in understanding and solving the problem, but in some circles has been regarded as failing to contribute usefully. This paper explores the nature of scientific contributions, why science may have been seen to fail to serve the needs of policy-makers, and why scientific findings may have been misinterpreted in broader circles dealing with the issue. It concludes by identifying areas where science has still a valuable role to play in an issue that is now perhaps regarded as more political and social than scientific.     

Proposal of a National Mitigation Strategy Against Earthquakes in Turkey

While laboratory and analytical studies can provide valuable information about earthquake hazard mitigation, the most effective educator is the impact of a full-scale earthquake on a full-scale city. The recent earthquakes in Turkey showed that the governmental as well as individual attitudes towards earthquakes did not represent proportionate responses to the risk levels concerned. Turkey had weaknesses in preparing, planning, mitigating and responding to disasters in spite of the known seismic vulnerability of the country. Many steps have been taken after 1999 earthquakes in Turkey, however, the preparations largely concentrate on the response and recovery phases and a fundamental step to reform the current disaster management system and steps to rehabilitate the vulnerable building stock has not been undertaken until today. This would involve changing the present laws and regulations and de-centralising the disaster management system. The aim of this paper is to propose a national mitigation strategy for Turkey for a time-frame of 10 years. The model proposed is a very comprehensive model for earthquake risk reduction in Turkey and within this context, the legislative and technical aspects of mitigation will be discussed in detail. Strategies for mitigating and retrofitting the existing building stock will also be proposed.     

论基础地质与城市地质之关系及存在问题

城市地质是基础地质理论在城市建设中的应用领域。基础地质调查成果是城市地质研究的基础。目前，我国城市地质研究中普遍存在基础地质薄弱、灾害地质调查忽视基本的成因分析、第四系覆盖区地质调查带有明显的盲目性、基岩出露区地质调查忽视基本结构构造分析等问题。基础地质调查在国民经济建设中的地位不应该被忽视。如果城市地质在城市建设和可持续发展中处于基础地位，基础地质则是基础中的基础。它成为薄弱环节，是严重的策略性失误。     

中国土地行政复议案件时空格局演变及宏观驱动机制

基于2000~2015年中国省（市、区）土地行政复议案件数量、案由与复议结果等数据,定量探究中国土地行政复议案件的分布特征、格局演变与宏观驱动机制。研究表明：中国年度土地行政复议案件数量整体呈连续增加态势,行政相对人复议成功率先下降后上升。土地行政复议案件的空间分布与中国宏观人口-经济格局基本匹配,整体具有东南多西北少的分异特征,以中部主要省份为核心,经历了先向东部沿海、后向西北与西南地区蔓延的演进过程。中国土地行政复议案件的时空格局演变由经济发展水平、城市化水平、产业结构升级、城市建成区面积、土地财政收入状况、土地市场化水平、区位条件等因素共同驱动。     

河流景观生态学的发展与当前核心议题

河流景观生态学已成为河流科学研究与应用的新范式,但国内研究还颇为不足。从河流景观生态学发展的逻辑必然性、主要进程、基本内容与重要理论等方面进行了总结。结果显示,多尺度跨学科整体论河流认识要求和景观尺度上处理河流问题的实践需求共同推动河流景观生态学的迅速发展,其中心议题是河流物理景观系统与生物系统在不同等级尺度上的结构、格局与功能过程,尤其重视物理景观与不同等级生物系统的相互作用关系,对河流景观多尺度等级性、高动态性和有向性等突出性质的认识已取得重要理论发展。指出当前面临5个方面的核心议题亟需取得突破:改进和统一河流景观分类系统、河流景观跨尺度研究、河流景观方法对经典河流生态理论的再认识、河流景观机理与模拟、河流景观对气候变化与区域土地利用/覆被变化的响应研究。     

Place Matters: Comparative International Perspectives on Feminist Geography*

Feminist geography is now widely practiced internationally, but its development is usually reviewed from a temporal rather than a spatial perspective. This article assesses the varying extent and nature of feminist geography across countries, attempting to interpret differences in terms of cultural contexts and disciplinary trends. It is intended to stimulate reflection and does not claim to offer definitive interpretations.     

浅析矿产资源储量动态管理现状、存在问题及对策

矿产资源开采必须实行有偿取得,有偿出让的本质是出让矿产资源储量,矿产资源的开发利用都是围绕矿产资源储量,离开矿产资源储量,采矿权的有偿出让就无从谈起。介绍了当前储量动态管理现状,提示了存在的问题,并就如何加强对矿产资源储量监管提出了对策并进行了探讨。     

Planning issues in the territorial integration of the Korean peninsula

The historic summit between the leaders of the two Koreas in June 2000 provided a new opportunity for inter-Korean dialogue. Despite many uncertainties regarding the form and substance of inter-Korean economic cooperation, Korean people believe that inter-Korean economic cooperation will expand and eventually lead to economic and territorial integration of the two Koreas. This essay discusses the progress and issues of inter-Korean economic cooperation including infrastructure development. In particular, the essay examines long-term planning issues surrounding the territorial integration of the Korean peninsula and their implications for balanced development. With the German case of economic integration as a point of reference, the essay points out a few strategic problems involved in inter-Korean economic cooperation and suggests an alternative strategy to achieve balanced development.