川滇黔铅锌(锗)成矿区区域地球化学测量在找锗预测中的作用

锗作为一种稀散元素,是现代信息产业最重要的金属之一,然而大多数锗资源是在综合评价煤矿床、铅锌矿床以及铁矿床的过程中发现的,缺乏专门的找锗方法。为了进一步加强锗矿找矿方法的研究,本文以川滇黔接壤处作为研究区,通过采用探索性分析方法(EDA)和基于分形理论的浓度-面积(C-A)方法以及证据权模型,分析研究区内低密度水系沉积物测量数据Zn、Ge元素的数字特征和分布规律。结果表明:(1) Ge元素分布由单个总体构成,基本符合正态分布,数值变化小(变异系数=0. 13),基本围绕地壳丰度值(1. 6×10~(-6))波动,且矿床的分布与地球化学异常之间没有明显的相关关系,因此采用以Ge找Ge的思路是行不通的,而这可能是由于Ge在表生氧化状态下的多亲和性和高度分散性造成的。(2) Zn元素分布明显不符合正态分布,且有多个峰值,数据离散程度大(变异系数=1. 14),可能至少由两个以上总体构成,且在空间上矿床的分布与地球化学异常之间有良好的相关关系,大多数矿床位于相对高值区。另外鉴于在原生状态下,Ge元素往往以类质同象的形式赋存在闪锌矿中,因此在区域上采用以Zn找Ge的思路是可行的。(3)采用累计概率法、直方图法、箱式图法、原生晕法以及基于多重分形的C-A方法,确定的异常下限分别为146. 5×10~(-6)、392. 7×10~(-6)、153. 9×10~(-6)、87. 5×10~(-6)和124×10~(-6)。通过采用证据权方法所提供的空间相关性统计量(t)进行检验,发现异常下限应当落在120×10~(-6)～130×10~(-6)的区间内。因此基于分形理论的C-A方法是最合理的,这可能是其不仅考虑了频数特征,还考虑了空间几何特征的原因。(4)在圈定地球化学块体的基础上,结合热液矿床受构造控制,且往往具有"丛聚效应"以及"鹤立鸡群"的特点,圈定黑区-赤普、大湾子-大桥边、茂租-乐红、毛坪、天宝山-小石房、猫猫厂-白蜡厂、大梁子、会泽、青山-杉树林、猴子厂-顶头山以及富乐作为寻找锗矿的潜力区,建议进一步加强这11个矿田级远景区锗资源的找矿工作。     

Separation of a geochemical anomaly from background by fractal and U-statistic methods,a case study: Khooni district,Central Iran

Separation of geochemical anomalies from background are one of the important steps in mineral exploration. The Khooni mineral district (Central Iran) has complex geochemical surface expression due to a complex geological background. This region was chosen as a study area for recognition of the spatial distribution of geochemical elements and separating anomalies from background using stream sediment geochemical data. In the past decades, geochemical anomalies have been identified by means of various methods. Some of these separation methods include: statistical analysis methods, spatial statistical methods and fractal and multi-fractal methods. In this article, two efficient methods, i.e. U-statistics and the fractal concentration-area for separation and detection of anomalous areas of the background were used. The U spatial statistic method is a weighted mean, which considers sampling point positions and their spatial relation in the estimation of anomaly location. Also, fractal and multi-fractal models have also been applied to separate anomalies from background values. In this paper, the concentration–area model (C–A) was suggested to separate the anomaly of background. For this purpose, about 256 stream sediment samples were collected and analyzed. Then anomaly maps of elements were generated based on U spatial statistics and the C-A fractal methods for Au, As and Sb elements. According to obtained results, the U-statistics method performed better than C-A method. Because the comparisons of the known deposits and occurrences against the anomalous area created using thresholds from U-statistics and C-A method show that the spatial U-statistics method hits all of 3 known deposits and occurrences, the C-A fractal method hits 1 and fails 2. In addition, the results showed that these methods with regard to spatial distribution and variability within neighboring samples, in addition to concentration value frequency distributions and correlation coefficients, have more accurate results than the traditional approaches.     

个旧地区地球化学元素的多重分形特征及找矿预测

应用多重分形的“C-A”模型（即含量-面积）方法，对云南个旧地区的水系沉积物样品的20项元素进行了研究分析。结果表明，成矿元素以及伴生元素呈模式Ⅱ的高丛集多重分形分布，非成矿元素呈模式Ⅰ的简单连续多重分形分布；根据个旧地区东部与西部地球化学元素分布的对比发现，在东部的分维值鲁遍比西部小，有的成矿元素如Cu、Au在东西部呈现不同的分布模式，而非成矿元素分布变化不大。     

基于"元素含量-面积"模型方法的地球化学场的多重分形模式分析

从多重分形理论出发,在赤峰地区的2个区域应用"元素含量-面积(C-A)"模型方法.对"元素含量-面积"双对数图的形态进行分析,将地球化学异常多重分形特征模式分为3种类型:模式Ⅰ为可拟合为2条直线段的简单多重分形模式,具有该模式的元素在研究区内没有成矿富集的趋势,不存在实质性的致矿异常;模式Ⅱ为可以拟合为3条直线段的高富集多重分形模式,它在模式Ⅰ的基础上叠加有高含量的异常场,具有该模式的元素在研究区内存在较强的局部富集,成矿的可能性很大;模式Ⅲ为可拟合成3条直线段的低富集多重分形模式,它在模式Ⅰ的基础上叠加的是较弱的异常场,具有该模式的元素在研究区内有较弱的矿化作用.在此基础上,分析了元素的成矿富集规律和空间分布特征,确定了区域异常和局部异常的异常下限,划分了地球化学背景、区域异常和局部异常.     

豫西南杜关—云阳钼多金属成矿预测研究

选取豫西南杜关—云阳钼多金属成矿带为研究区,利用多学科资料,使用非线性方法提取了多元、多维、多尺度、多类型找矿信息。在应用层次分析法集成多元信息的基础上,进一步用"Kriging+Natural Breaks"和C-A分形法分别圈定了找矿靶区。结果表明,两者所圈定的找矿靶区基本一致,但后者在局部地段能够更细致地刻画靶区的细节,将找矿靶区进一步划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级。其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ级预测区内包含有已知矿床,Ⅲ级预测区具有较好的找矿潜力。该成果为本地区的下一步找矿工作提供了依据。     

Incorporation of principal component analysis,geostatistical interpolation approaches and frequency-space-based models for portraying the Cu-Au geochemical prospects in the Feizabad district,NW Iran

Delineation of mineralization-related geochemical anomalies of stream sediment data is an essential stage in regional geochemical exploration. In this study, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to 12 selected elements to acquire a multi-element geochemical signature associated with Cu-Au mineralization in Feizabad district, NE Iran. The spatial distribution of enhanced multi-element geochemical signature of the second component (PC2) was modeled by different geostatistical procedures including variogram calculation, ordinary kriging (OK) and inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation techniques. Concentration-area (C-A) fractal and U-spatial statistics models were then applied to the continuous-value interpolated models for delineation of geochemical anomalies. Quantitative comparison of results based on the known mineral occurrences in the study area was carried out using normalized density index and success-rate curves. All generated models represent a high positive relation with known Cu (±Au) deposits in the study area, although, comparison of the results revealed that the OK-based U-spatial statistics model was superior to the rest of models. Besides, the low, moderate and high-intensity anomalies are spatially associated with geological-structural features in the study area.     

C-A多重分形在东天山钼地球化学异常信息分析中的应用

利用C-A（含量-频数）多重分形技术和传统的异常下限统计方法分别对东天山地区钼地球化学数值的异常进行了试验分析。结果表明：利用C-A多重分形的非线性统计方法计算更为方便,确定的异常下限值更为合理;采用非线性统计方法确定的异常下限与东天山地区已知矿点的吻合度较高,说明利用分形方法可以客观反映区域地球化学异常特征;C-A多重分形方法计算方便,可为资源预测提供定量基础。     

Identification of Geochemical Anomaly by Multifractal Analysis

The separation of anomalies from geochemical background is an important part of data analysis because lack of such identifications might have profound influence on or even distort the final analysis results. In this article, 1 672 geochemical analytical data of 11 elements, including Cu, Mo, Ag, Sn, and others, from a region within Tibet, South China, are used as one example. Together with the traditional anomaly recognition method of using the iterative mean ±2σ, local multifractality theory has been utilized to delineate the ranges of geochemical anomalies of the elements. To different degrees, on the basis of original data mapping, C-A fractal analysis and singularity exponents, Sn differs from the other 10 elements. Moreover, geochemical mapping results based on values of the multifractal asymmetry index for all elements delineate the highly anomalous area. Similar to other 10 elements, the anomalous areas of Sn delineated by the asymmetry index distribute along the main structure orientations. According to the asymmetry indexes, the 11 elements could be classified into 3 groups: (1) Ag and Au, (2) As-Sb-Cu-Pb-Zn-Mo, and (3) Sn-Bi-W.This paragenetic association of elements can be used to interpret possible origins of mineralization, which is in agreement with petrological analysis and field survey results.     

分形模型在黑龙江漠河地区金矿成矿预测中的应用

以漠河地区4 830个样品的化探数据为基础,采用“Ｃ-Ａ”(含量-面积)分形模型,通过对Au、Cu、Zn、Pb分维计算,揭示出各元素空间分布的分形结构特征和无标度区范围,得出Au、Cu、Zn、Pb元素化探异常下限值分别为3.1×10^-9、28.1×10^-6、114.1×10^-6、28.4×10^-6,圈定出33个金异常区。根据金异常区与主要地质要素及Cu、Zn、Pb异常区的关系,确定远景区分布于白卡鲁山－长缨站、笔架山－马林林场、蒙克山－防火站、富乐－阿木鲁山,共8个区域具有金矿找矿前景。预测结果表明,5个已知金矿化点落入其中2个预测区内,其余6个预测区中呈无已知矿化点,但具有找矿前景。     

甘肃礼县那家坝多金属地球化学分析及成矿预测

文章以甘肃礼县那家坝一带为研究区,通过传统统计学方法与C—A法对Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn、As、Sb、Hg、Bi、Mo十种元素进行异常下限求取,圈出单元素异常图,并探讨两种方法对研究区元素异常圈定的应用效果,验证其优缺性;通过元素共生组合关系及单元素异常分布特征,确定了Au、As、Sb、Hg为此次研究的综合异常分析元素,进一步地对Au、Sb两种元素进行了成矿预测,共圈出Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ四个成矿远景区,其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ成矿远景区成矿的可能性较大。