《更路簿》及其南沙群岛古地名释义

《更路簿》是一本海南渔民往来南海诸岛礁的航海手册,记录了海南岛渔民命名南海岛礁的地理名称136处,这些南海地名生动地反映了南海岛礁的自然地理及文化特征。该文论述了《更路簿》与《针路簿》的起源与差别,探讨了《更路簿》中的岛礁分类与命名方式,将《更路簿》中的南沙岛礁的名称及其释义集成在一起,并对照谷歌地球进行定位与校核。依据名从主人的地名学规则,海南渔民是最早探索、发现、命名南海岛礁并对其不间断地开发的经营者,因此为南海诸岛是中国的固有领土提供有力佐证。该文从南海的季风洋流对航海的影响分析,探讨了帆船时代居住在季风海流两侧国家的人民探索发现南海诸岛的局限性。     

卫星测高的发展与应用：兼评《卫星测高原理》专著出版

卫星测高是近三十年度发展起来的又一空间大地测量技术，它具有观测精度，周期短以及覆盖面广等一系列地面技术无法比拟的优点，引起各国科学院的高度重视。     

论《孔疏》之“兴”

通过对《孔疏》标“兴”之特点与《毛诗传》《郑笺》标“兴”之特点比较分析,提出《孔疏》之标“兴”主要着眼于“兴”与作品主旨之间的关系,而没有特别注重标“兴”的位置。这些特点使得《孔疏》之“兴”开始从政治化逐渐转向文学化。     

Sediment dispersal and quantitative stratigraphic architecture across an ancient shelf

Two large (200 to 300 km), near‐continuous outcrop transects and extensive well‐log data (ca 2800 wells) allow analysis of sedimentological characteristics and stratigraphic architecture across a large area (ca 60 000 km²) of the latest Santonian to middle Campanian shelf along the western margin of the Western Interior Seaway in eastern Utah and western Colorado, USA. Genetically linked depositional systems are mapped at high chronostratigraphic resolution (ca 0·1 to 0·5 Ma) within their sequence stratigraphic context. In the lower part of the studied interval, sediment was dispersed via wave‐dominated deltaic systems with a ‘compound clinoform’ geomorphology in which an inner, wave‐dominated shoreface clinoform was separated by a muddy subaqueous topset from an outer clinoform containing sand‐poor, gravity‐flow deposits. These strata are characterized by relatively steep, net‐regressive shoreline trajectories (>0·1°) with concave‐landward geometries, narrow nearshore belts of storm‐reworked sandstones (2 to 22 km), wide offshore mudstone belts (>250 km) and relatively high sediment accumulation rates (ca 0·27 mm year^?1). The middle and upper parts of the studied interval also contain wave‐dominated shorefaces, but coeval offshore mudstones enclose abundant ‘isolated’ tide‐influenced sandstones that were transported sub‐parallel to the regional palaeoshoreline by basinal hydrodynamic (tidal?) circulation. These strata are characterized by relatively shallow, net‐regressive shoreline trajectories (<0·1°) with straight to concave‐seaward geometries, wide nearshore belts of storm‐reworked sandstones (19 to 70 km), offshore mudstone belts of variable width (130 to >190 km) and relatively low sediment accumulation rates (ca ≤0·11 mm year^?1). The change in shelfal sediment dispersal and stratigraphic architecture, from: (i) ‘compound clinoform’ deltas characterized by across‐shelf sediment transport; to (ii) wave‐dominated shorelines with ‘isolated’ tide‐influenced sandbodies characterized by along‐shelf sediment transport, is interpreted as reflecting increased interaction with the hydrodynamic regime in the seaway as successive shelfal depositional systems advanced out of a sheltered embayment (‘Utah Bight’). This advance was driven by a decreasing tectonic subsidence rate, which also suppressed autogenic controls on stratigraphic architecture.     

《周易》思维与现代大地构造学关系的初探

当代大地构造学已经认识到板块、地体、板片、推覆体,都是组成地球的物质通过漂、撞、隆、降、伸、缩、滑、旋等八种不同的运动形式所显示的活动特征。并铸成了地壳表面四类二级规模的构造地文单元:山地、谷地、台地、盆地。它们又分别都表现在地球上两类一级规模的构造地文单元—大陆和海洋之中。因此,大地构造学研究的地球,洋陆,“山谷台盆”,“漂撞隆降伸缩滑旋”可从《周易》的思维模式:“易有太极、是生两仪、两仪生四象、四象生八卦”受到更深的启迪,帮助地学家建立系统论、控制论和全息论的新的地球观。     

Reviews

Books reviewed:
Australia and New Zealand: Economy, Society and Environment. Reviewed by Terry Birtles
Global Environment Outlook 2000 – UNEP. Reviewed by Chris Park
Environment, Energy and Economy. Reviewed by Gordon Walker
Perspectives on British Rural Planning Policy 1994-1997. Reviewed by Richard Yarwood
Earth Surface Systems. Reviewed by Tony Parsons
Ecoviolence: Links Among Environment, Population, and Security. Reviewed by John Kirkby
Environment and Philosophy. Reviewed by Adrian Martin
Rehabilitation of Rivers: principles and implementation. Reviewed by Lindsey McEwen
Urban Growth and Development in Asia. Volume 1: Making the Cities. Volume II: Living in the Cities. Reviewed by Jonathan Rigg
The Hydrology of the Nile. Reviewed by Declan Conway
Geological Hazards: Their assessment, avoidance and mitigation. Reviewed by John Grattan
Living with the Unexpected: Linking Disaster recovery to Sustainable Development in Montserrat. Reviewed by David K. Chester
People, Land and Water in the Arab Middle East: Environments and Landscapes in the Bilâd ash-Shâm. Reviewed by Marianne Edwards
The Random Spatial Economy and its Evolution. Reviewed by Gordon L. Clark
Sustainable development in Central Asia. Reviewed by Jonathan Warner     

《周易》乃地学之初

对<周易>的研究已有几千年的历史,人们一般认为,<周易>是西周时期形成的占筮算卦用书.本文认为,<周易>本为人类活动所遇到的种种自然现象对人类产生影响的汇编.它探讨天、地、雷、风、水、火、山和泽8个方面的特点及其相互关系,它们有的相互对立,有的相互依存,"刚柔相推,变在其中矣".同时,<周易>还探讨上述8个方面及其相互关系随时间的发展变化.<周易>对后来的重大水利工程有指导意义.因此,作者认为<周易>实系地学之初.     

《易经》震卦对地震的认识

通过对《易经》六十四卦中的震卦辨析,证明成书于公元前十二世纪的《易经》是世界上最早的描述地震的文献。中华民族研究地震的历史至少可追朔到商朝末年。震卦的自然科学内容是地震。震卦六爻隐含了商代四级烈度观。     

评陈桥驿的《“水经注”研究》

本文指出了陈桥驿在《水经注》研究(或郦学)方面的贡献。