基于CiteSpace的国内外海洋空间规划研究发展态势分析

海洋空间规划是一个对海洋资源可持续开发利用的规划和管理过程。文章采用可视化工具CiteSpace,基于WOS核心合集和CNKI数据库,系统梳理分析2000—2020年海洋空间规划领域的国内外研究主题及其突现词演变路径。结果表明:当前国内外海洋空间规划相关研究数量总体呈上升趋势,美国、澳大利亚和英国3国占比超过50%,各机构间合作度较高、跨国交流活跃;国际方面,栖息地、海洋保护区域、渔业发展、生物多样性是热点研究方向,国内则更加关注陆海统筹和可持续发展;近20年来,国际研究趋势变化为"空间规划体系的构建-空间规划尺度的拓展及跨界研究-经验总结与环境保护",国内规划时期则从"空间规划政策综合管理-具体功能区划分-可持续发展"不断发展;在此基础上提出未来深入探索的重点领域以及建议。     

Thirty years(1984–2014) of groundwater science teaching and research in China: A dissertation-based bibliometric survey

In order to track the footprint of groundwater science teaching and research in China during the past years, a bibliometric analysis was conducted based on the database of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), which covered the time span from 1984 to present and included more than 2.6 million master and doctoral dissertations from hundreds of institutions of Mainland China. The bibliometric analysis summarized output, geographical, and institutional patterns, as well as research directions and hotspots in groundwater studies in China in the period of 1984-2014. A total of 1 396 groundwater-related dissertations including 1 161 master dissertations and 235 doctoral dissertations, contributed by 128 institutions distributed in 53 cities nationwide, were searched out in the database. It can be seen obviously that, the groundwater science teaching and research in China has experienced a notable growth in the past three decades especially during 2000-2014. Groundwater modeling, resource, and exploitation were the top three major subject categories; China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Jilin University and Chang’an University were the top three productive institutions together accounting for more than one third of the total dissertations and 50% of the doctoral dissertations, which further prompted the cities (Beijing, Changchun, and Xi’an) to become the top three productive cities. The dissertations generally covered all the international research topics, which indicated that hydrogeologists in China have tracked the international frontier closely during the past decades. The keywords analysis revealed that, (1) numerical modeling was still the hottest topic and PHREEQC, MODFLOW, GMS, and FEFLOW were the four most used softwares; (2) the topics related with groundwater pollution and quality developed steadily and rapidly; (3) environmental isotopes and GIS were frequently used tools for hydrogeological condition analysis, and spatial data processing respectively; and (4) the unsaturated zone as an integral part of aquifers attracted more and more attentions from hydrogeologists focus on saturated zone.     

共享社会经济路径(SSPs)的应用与展望

共享社会经济路径(Shared Socioeconomic Pathways, SSPs)是新一代气候变化情景的重要组成部分。SSPs从提出至今已有10年的发展,对于推动气候变化预估与影响研究、支撑气候政策决策的作用逐渐凸显。文中基于179篇主题检索文献分析了SSPs发展和应用的进展,以及在当前气候变化研究中的应用特点。研究发现,次国家和部门层面的SSPs故事线拓展开始兴起,水资源、土地和健康是影响评估领域的关注焦点,方法学上强调模型间耦合与多模型比较。当前SSPs在中国的发展与应用集中于基本要素的预估及气候影响评估,路径对各省间及城乡间社会经济发展差异的刻画有待加强。基于情景发展和应用的现状,最后从加强与气候建模团队的合作、支持影响与脆弱性研究、拓展全球情景、加强模型间比较、提高决策支持力5个方面讨论了SSPs的未来研究展望。     

A Profile of International Climate Change Science in the Past One Hundred Years*

Climate change is one of the most active research fields currently, which has attracted extensive attention from the international community. In order to better understand the development situation and research status of international climate change science, in this paper we took the SSCI and SCI databases as data sources, collected the relevant literatures since 1900 based on the key words related to climate change, and made some statistics and analysis of the literatures of the past one hundred years to reveal the development process of climate change research as well as the development and evolution of its research topics and hot spots. The results showed that the climate change research began in the late 18 th century and early 19 th century, and the academic debate about global warming and global cooling started in the early 1970s. The international programs and projects led by a range of international organizations and intergovernmental bodies have contributed significantly to the rapid development of climate change research. The United States and the United Kingdom have long been the core countries of climate change research. The proportion of Chinese papers has risen rapidly in the last decade. The intensity and scope of scientific research cooperation are constantly expanding. Current research focuses on climate model/modeling, climate simulation, climate policy, climate sensitivity, climate change impacts, climate change adaptation, climate change mitigation, and rate of climate change.     

海洋生态系统服务价值的知识图谱 ——基于CiteSpace的计量分析

近年来,“海洋生态系统服务价值”广受学术界关注,相关研究成果大量涌现,现已成为一个不断发展演进的重要知识领域。文章以“Web of ScienceTM”核心合集为数据源,运用文献计量法梳理了海洋生态系统服务价值研究论文的发文量年代分布,运用CiteSpace软件绘制科学知识图谱,分析了该领域主要国家/研究机构的合作情况、文献共被引、研究热点及研究前沿。结果显示,海洋生态系统服务价值的研究历经15年增速缓慢的酝酿期后,自2007年发文量持续高速增长;美国和加拿大两国在该领域的研究处于领先地位,且形成了以“加拿大—英国—澳大利亚—法国—美国”为中心的核心研究群体;以Barbier、Costanza为代表的生态学家为该领域研究奠定了服务价值的方法论基础和理论框架,随后出现了由理论探讨向理论与实践探索结合转变;该领域研究热点集中于海洋生态系统服务价值理论、评估方法、案例分析、影响因素和修复管理5个方面;当前研究前沿则主要聚焦于自然资源评估和生态系统保护等方面在海洋生态系统服务价值的重要应用。本研究对深入认识海洋生态系统服务价值研究领域的知识结构及其演化关系具有一定价值,同时也能为国内海洋生态系统服务价值研究与实践提供参考。     

国际生态系统研究发展态势文献计量分析

生态系统研究是地球系统科学的重要组成部分,近年来,各国和各相关研究机构对生态系统的研究力度不断加大.利用Thomson Data Analyzer、NetDraw和Aureka等文献计量工具,结合Pathfinder算法对SCIE和SSCI数据库中国际生态系统研究相关文献进行了分析.在对主要国家和机构的发文进行统计分析后发现:美国、德国和英国等国的生态系统研究论文的综合影响力较高,其中美国是国际生态系统研究合作的中心;加州大学伯克利分校、美国国家海洋与大气管理局和法国农业科学研究院等机构的论文影响力较大;美国农业部、德国马普学会、华盛顿大学和瑞典隆德大学是国际生态系统研究的中心;中国生态系统研究论文在总量上优势明显,但整体论文质量不高;国际生态系统研究的主要研究热点集中在珊瑚礁生态系统研究、气候变化研究和生态系统管理等方面.     

从科学文献计量看中国国际地球科学研究队伍现状与科研影响力

对科研成果产出的定量科学评价,可以了解科研队伍的现状和科研的影响力。利用文献计量学方法,采集了2000—2004年SCI数据库中中国学者发表的地球科学论文,统计分析中国地球科学SCI论文的产出和被引用情况,以了解中国当前具有国际学术交流能力和SCI论文发表能力的地球科学研究队伍的现状和科研成果的国际影响力。分析结果表明,2000—2004年中国的国际地学研究论文数量以年均21.87%的速度递增,5年的论文篇均被引频次为2.57。地球科学二级学科领域SCI论文产出数量从高到低依次为：地质科学、地理科学、空间物理学、环境科学、地球物理学、大气科学、海洋科学、地球化学。在中国地学研究队伍中,中国科学院系统和教育部系统发表的论文数量最多,论文数量合计占中国国际地学论文总数的83.58%。中国当前具有国际学术交流能力和SCI论文发表能力的地球科学研究队伍人数在8 000人左右。     

Marine science and blue growth: Assessing the marine academic production of 123 cities and territories worldwide

The role of academic research in the economic growth process has been widely considered over the last two decades in the theoretical and empirical literature, particularly around the concept of knowledge-based economy. Meanwhile, the very recent notion of “blue growth” and the significant development potential related to marine environments have gained more and more concern for policy makers on different scales. It is therefore interesting to assess the academic research related to marine issues, owing to its potential contribution to this dynamics growth through knowledge transfers and academic spillovers. This paper provides a global evaluation of the marine academic production, using a spatialized, open and transdisciplinary approach. In particular, this approach is to mobilize indicators to assess scientific production, transpose it to the territorial scale and make a global comparison of “research territories” in the case of marine science, with a specific focus on European cities. The results show that the five main centres are Tokyo (Japan), Paris (France), San Diego (USA), Moscow (Russia) and Woods Hole (USA). A dense European territorial coverage in marine science centres also appears, and new world major centres such as Chinese and Brazilian ones emerge.     

Research Hotspots of Karst in 2016 Based on Bibliometrics Analysis

Karst is a special type of landscape that is formed by the dissolution of soluble rocks and forces the investigators to pay attention to hydrological and ecological problems, karst hazards, karst management, and the sustainability of karst environments, etc. To better explore the research hotspots of karst in 2016, 1472 papers included in the Web of Science (WoS) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were collected and the CiteSpace software was used to generate visualizing information for bibliometrics analysis. The frontiers in the karst research can be reflected, which provides the basis information for scholars to achieve concise objectives and find breakthrough innovation in the future. When karst or stalagmite was selected as the key word, 795 SCI papers published in 2016 were collected. The clustering results of key words in 795 papers showed that the main research hotspots were “karst hydrochemistry”, “karst rocky desertification and biogeochemistry”, “climate change and paleoenvironmental reconstruction” and “karst engineering and hazard”. China has made great contributions to these papers on karst research, which reflects the regional comparative advantage on karst research in China, though Chinese scholars are lacking in the tight linkage with scholars from other countries. Moreover, 677 papers were collected when karst or stalagmite was chosen as the key word in CNKI. The clustering data showed that the main research hotspots in CNKI were “karst hydrochemistry”, “karst rocky desertification and biogeochemistry”, “karst oil and gas resources” and “karst engineering and hazard”. From the above results, it was found that domestic and international research hotspots of karst were different.     

Research Progress of the Heihe River Basin Based on Bibliometrics

Water resource is the focus and hinge between ecological environment and socio-economic development. Watershed is the basic unit of hydrology and water resource studies. It is the current hotspot in water science research to carry out the integrated research of the hydrology and water resource at the watershed scale. The Heihe River Basin is the second largest inland river basin in northwestern China, which becomes one of the hot watersheds for its unique hydrological and geographical characteristics. Based on the Web of Science Core Collection, the scientific advances achieved in the Heihe River Basin were estimated from the new sight by combining disciplinary development and problem focus, time evolution and spatial variations. The results indicated that the Heihe River Basin has made positive contribution to the world science in remote sensing, evapotranspiration, water cycle, water resources management and utilization, and climate change research in arid areas. The great achievements has promoted the Heihe River Basin up to the same levels as the international typical basins in the past 30 years, especially after the performances of the major research program entitled “Integrated Study of Eco-hydrological Processes in the Heihe River Basin” (referred to as “Heihe River Program”) supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China and large field observation experiments. The number of published articles has ranked the top 20 in the global watershed science research. Some important scientific achievements have been obtained at the mechanisms of eco-hydrological processes in inland river basins, which can actively serve the decision making of the water resource management and sustainable development in the Heihe River Basin. The data mining and contrastive study based on bibliometrics can afford scientific reference for the watershed science research.