Three-dimensional finite element simulation of fracture propagation in rock specimens with pre-existing fissure(s) under compression and their strength analysis

A FORTRAN program, consistent with the commercially available finite element (FE) code ABAQUS, is developed based on a three-dimensional (3D) linear elastic brittle damage constitutive model with two damage criteria. To consider the heterogeneity of rock, the developed FORTRAN program is used to set the stiffness and strength properties of each element of the FE model following a Weibull distribution function. The reliability of the program is assessed against available experimental results for granite cylindrical specimens with a throughgoing, flat and inclined fissure. The calibration procedure of the material parameters is explained in detail, and it is shown that the compressive to tensile strength ratio can have a substantial influence on the failure response of the specimens. Numerical simulations are conducted for models with different levels of heterogeneity. The results show a smaller load bearing capacity for models with less homogeneity, representing gradual coalescence of fully damaged elements forming throughout the models during loading. The maximum load bearing capacity is studied for various combinations of inclination angles of two centrally aligned, throughgoing and flat fissures of equal length embedded in cylindrical models under uniaxial and multiaxial loading conditions. The key role of the compressive to tensile strength ratio is highlighted by repeating certain simulations with a lower compressive to tensile strength ratio. It is proven that the peak loads of the rock models with sufficiently small compressive to tensile strength ratios containing two throughgoing fissures of equal length are similar, provided that the minimum inclination angles of the models are the same. The results are presented and discussed with respect to the existing experimental findings in the literature, suggesting that the numerical model applied in this study can provide useful insight into the failure behaviour of rock-like materials.     

Rotation Center and Horizontal Bearing Capacity of the Bucket Foundation in Soft Ground

In the last 20 years, the bucket foundation has been developed as a new type of offshore platform structure. Because of its short period of application to engineering practices, the theoretical decision on the rotation center and horizontal bearing capacity of the bucket foundation has yet to be agreed. A limit analysis method is used to determine the updated rotation center position and horizontal bearing capacity to evaluate the failure mechanisms of the bucket foundations. The results are compared with numerical simulation and experiments, and also with other theoretical methods. The proposed method can satisfactorily consider the engineering conditions and the result is accurate in determining the rotation center and horizontal bearing capacity.     

海底裸置与埋置管线自沉过程对比研究

海底管线是海洋油气输运系统的重要组成成分,其稳定性和安全性尤为重要。通过有限元软件ABAQUS,应用Mohr-Coulomb模型,模拟海底裸置与埋置管线自沉过程。通过平衡初始地应力,设置管土接触,考虑重力和浮力作用,进行土体固结分析,计算裸置与埋置管线的土体与管线竖直位移,并进行管线悬跨研究。计算结果显示,对于裸置管线,参数的改变使土体更容易发生塑性屈服,土体的竖直位移量更大;对于埋置管线,当管线埋深较浅、管线上方土体重量不大时,参数的改变使管线平均密度与周围土体密度相差越大土体越容易发生塑性屈服,土体的竖直位移量越大。当管线悬空时,悬跨长度过大易使管线两端支撑土体被压溃,管线易产生大变形而失稳,因此在管线安装与维护过程中,一定要采取措施降低悬跨长度,保证管线运营安全。     

DX桩及其在郑州地区的适用性分析

DX桩由于具有良好的桩—土间力学性能,在建设项目应用中取得了良好的效果。通过分析DX桩的桩—土间力学特点以及郑州地区的地质条件,采用理论分析和有限元数值仿真方法,分析DX桩在郑州地区的适用性,为DX桩在郑州地区的工程应用提供参考依据。     

p-y曲线对成层土体中大直径单桩的适用性研究

API规范推荐的p-y曲线是由均质土体得到的,并未考虑土层间相互作用,Georgiadis基于柔性桩提出了等效深度法修正p-y曲线,把均质土p-y曲线延伸到了成层土体中。为了研究p-y曲线和等效深度法对于大直径单桩在成层土体中的适用性,取4种典型地质条件:成层砂土、砂土-黏土-砂土、成层黏土和黏土-砂土-黏土,通过L-PILE软件计算了6 m直径单桩基础的p-y曲线、桩顶水平荷载-位移曲线、桩身位移和弯矩。并与ABAQUS建立的单桩基础三维有限元模型计算结果进行比较。结果表明等效深度法对于成层砂土影响不大;对于成层黏土影响较大;对于中间为软弱土层的成层土体,在荷载较大时影响显著,等效深度法计算结果更加接近FEM结果。在成层土体中,p-y曲线应用于大直径单桩对于砂土高估了初始刚度,低估了极限抗力;对于黏土则低估了初始刚度和极限抗力。     

配BFG蒸压加气混凝土砌块砌体基本力学性能数值模拟

将蒸压加气混凝土(AAC)砌体填充墙采用薄灰缝专用砂浆砌筑,并在灰缝中配置玄武岩纤维格栅(BFG),可以提高墙体的抗压强度和延性。为了研究配BFG的AAC砌块砌体的基本力学性能,设计了9组27个试件进行抗压和抗剪试验。在试验的基础上,首先分析了砌体的抗压和抗剪性能,给出抗压上升段本构方程和抗压、抗剪强度建议公式;其次运用ABAQUS对砌体的抗压和抗剪性能进行模拟,通过比较模拟结果与试验结果,验证了有限元模型的合理性;最后分析了模型受压时的应力-应变关系,给出抗压下降段本构方程。研究表明:荷载施加处,接触面上剪应力集中是砌体通缝抗剪破坏的主要原因;本构方程可为配BFG蒸压加气混凝土砌体填充墙抗震性能的研究提供参考。     

低周反复荷载下Q460钢材框架柱抗震性能分析

为了进一步完善Q460钢材在抗震设计规范中相关限值的要求,本文利用有限元软件ABAQUS,以轴压比、翼缘宽厚比、腹板高厚比和壁板宽厚比为变量,建立了共48根“工”字型框架柱和“箱”型框架柱,分析了其抗震性能。结果表明:翼缘宽厚比对框架柱的能量耗散系数影响较小;能量耗散系数随轴压比、腹板高厚比（“工”字型）和壁板宽厚比（“箱”型）增大而明显减小;框架柱的极限承载力随轴压比的减小及壁板宽厚比和翼缘宽厚比的增大而逐渐增大,当腹板高厚比接近规范限值时,承载力下降趋势明显增大。与采用Q235钢材的框架柱相比,Q460钢材框架柱的延性较小,仅为2左右;当采用Q460钢材时,“工”字型框架柱的极限位移角限值建议取为0.03,“箱”型框架柱的极限位移角限值建议取为0.032。规范中对翼缘宽厚比限值的规定偏于保守,其值最大可取至9。无论是“工”字型框架柱还是“箱”型框架柱,其腹板高厚比均不宜过大。Q460钢材框架柱的刚度退化率随轴压比的增大而增强,且翼缘宽厚比越大,腹板高厚比越小,柱的初始刚度越大,刚度退化程度越明显。     

基于断裂力学的岩爆破坏形迹两级预测方法研究

根据常规的岩爆判据,可以确定岩爆的大致分布区域,但难以得到岩爆的破坏形迹（Damaged Shape of Rockburst,DSR）,为此根据岩爆的特点,推导了裂纹失稳扩展的临界长度和临界应力条件,提出了计算DSR的两级预测方法：通过裂纹失稳扩展时的临界应力,对DSR进行一级预测;在一级预测的DSR范围内加入预设裂纹,进行DSR的二级预测。针对断裂数值模拟方法的缺点,建立了基于扩展有限元（XFEM）模拟裂纹动态扩展的思路,依托ABAQUS平台,建立了XFEM二次开发的分析框架,编制了扩展有限元分析程序,进行了相关的实例验证;结合依托工程嘎隆拉隧道,从岩爆的机制、裂纹的数值仿真等方面开展研究,研究成果对高地应力地下工程的岩爆预测具有一定的参考意义。     

基于场变量的边坡稳定分析有限元强度折减法?

有限元强度折减法在实施过程中往往要根据不同的折减系数手工修改输入文件,并不断进行试算,过程较繁琐。为了简化计算过程,提高计算效率,在有限元强度折减法的基础上,结合ABAQUS提供的场变量,提出一种适用于有限元强度折减计算的新方法--基于场变量的有限元强度折减法。通过在ABAQUS中设置岩土体黏聚力与内摩擦角为场变量的函数,场变量为增量步时间t的函数,从而通过控制增量步时间t实现黏聚力与内摩擦角的折减,通过一次计算即可求得边坡的安全系数,无需手工修改折减系数反复试算。结合有关文献对该方法用于边坡稳定分析的可行性进行了验证,并与二分法确定安全系数的计算效率进行了比较。结果表明：该方法求得的安全系数是有效可靠的,用于边坡稳定性的计算是可行的,简化了有限元强度折减法的计算过程,提高了计算效率。     

水平荷载下导管架平台桩基础的非线性有限元分析

导管架平台桩基础的控制荷载主要为风荷载、波浪荷载、地震荷载等水平荷载,为研究水平荷载下导管架平台桩基础的承载特性,采用非线性有限元分析方法对水平荷载下桩-土之间的相互作用进行研究,提出了有效模拟桩基水平承载特性的有限元模型,分析了模型桩的刚度、直径、土质参数中水平土压力系数、剪胀角对桩基承载特性的影响及水平荷载下群桩承载特性,并将有限元计算结果与API规范及模型试验结果进行对比。研究结果表明,非线性有限元分析方法分析水平荷载下桩-土相互作用是可行的,计算结果可为导管架平台的桩基设计提供参考。