大豆酶解蛋白对凡纳滨对虾幼虾生长性能、血清生化指标、非特异性免疫力和抗病力的影响

【目的】研究大豆酶解蛋白对幼虾生长性能、血清生化指标、非特异性免疫力和抗病力的影响。【方法】凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)基础饲料添加质量分数0(对照)、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%、2.5%、3.0%、3.5%和4.0%大豆酶解蛋白,配制8种等氮等脂饲料,饲喂凡纳滨对虾幼虾56 d。【结果】1.5%组的增重率和特定生长率最高,显著高于2.0%—4.0%添加组(P0.05);1.0%和1.5%组全虾粗蛋白质含量高于对照组(P0.05),对照、1.0%和1.5%组蛋白质沉积率高于其他各组(P0.05);饲料中添加1.5%~4.0%大豆酶解蛋白可显著提高肌肉磷含量(P0.05),3.0%组最大;1.0%、1.5%和2.0%组血清胆固醇含量低于对照组(P0.05);饲料中添加1.5%~4.0%大豆酶解蛋白可显著提高血清中溶菌酶活性(P0.05),添加1.0%~3.0%大豆酶解蛋白可显著提高血清中酚氧化物酶活性(P0.05),2.5%和3.0%组血清中超氧化物歧化酶活性与1.0%和1.5%组血清中酸性磷酸酶活性高于对照组(P0.05),添加大豆酶解蛋白可显著提高血清中碱性磷酸酶活性(P0.05),2.5%组最大;哈维弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)攻毒7 d后,1.0%组累积死亡率最低。饲料中添加大豆酶解蛋白未提高凡纳滨对虾的生长性能,添加剂量高于3.5%可导致生长性能下降,添加质量分数1.0%大豆酶解蛋白可明显提高凡纳滨对虾的抗病力。【结论】饲料中添加大豆酶解蛋白不能提高凡纳滨对虾的生长性能,高于3.5%添加组的生长性能下降;添加质量分数1.0%大豆酶解蛋白可明显提高凡纳滨对虾的抗病力。     

Silicon limitation on primary production and its destiny in Jiaozhou Bay, China——Ⅳ：Study on cross-bay transect from estuary to ocean

The authors analyzed the data collected in the Ecological Station Jiaozhou Bay from May 1991 to November 1994, including 12 seasonal investigations, to determine the characteristics, dynamic cycles and variation trends of the silicate in the bay. The results indicated that the rivers around Jiaozhou Bay provided abundant supply of silicate to the bay. The silicate concentration there depended on river flow variation. The horizontal variation of silicate concentration on the transect showed that the silicate concentration decreased with distance from shorelines. The vertical variation of it showed that silicate sank and deposited on the sea bottom by phytoplankton uptake and death, and zooplankton excretion. In this way, silicon would endlessly be transferred from terrestrial sources to the sea bottom. The silicon took up by phytoplankton and by other biogeochemical processes led to insufficient silicon supply for phytoplankton growth. In this paper, a 2D dynamic model of river flow versus silicate concentration was established by which silicate concentrations of 0.028–0.062 μmol/L in seawater was yielded by inputting certain seasonal unit river flows (m³/s), or in other words, the silicate supply rate; and when the unit river flow was set to zero, meaning no river input, the silicate concentrations were between 0.05–0.69 μmol/L in the bay. In terms of the silicate supply rate, Jiaozhou Bay was divided into three parts. The division shows a given river flow could generate several different silicon levels in corresponding regions, so as to the silicon-limitation levels to the phytoplankton in these regions. Another dynamic model of river flow versus primary production was set up by which the phytoplankton primary production of 5.21–15.55 (mgC/m²·d)/(m³/s) were obtained in our case at unit river flow values via silicate concentration or primary production conversion rate. Similarly, the values of primary production of 121.98–195.33 (mgC/m²·d) were achieved at zero unit river flow condition. A primary production conversion rate reflects the sensitivity to silicon depletion so as to different phytoplankton primary production and silicon requirements by different phytoplankton assemblages in different marine areas. In addition, the authors differentiated two equations (Eqs. 1 and 2) in the models to obtain the river flow variation that determines the silicate concentration variation, and in turn, the variation of primary production. These results proved further that nutrient silicon is a limiting factor for phytoplankton growth. This study was funded by NSFC (No. 40036010), and the Director's Fund of the Beihai Sea Monitoring Center, the State Oceanic Administration.     

盐泽螺旋藻变种的生长和生化特性

采用１９８４年在美国加利福尼亚大学培育成功的盐泽螺旋藻变种，经扫描电镜，生物量测定和生化分析，进一步研究其基本特性。结果表明，其藻丝呈紧密的逆时针向等宽螺旋结构。     

中华乌塘鳢的群体生物学研究 Ⅱ.生化遗传变异

用同工酶谱法发现中华乌塘鳢Bostrichthy sinensis四个群体的遗传变异水平很低,在所检测的30个基因座位中,多态座位比例只有0—10％,平均杂合度仅为0.2—0.5％,物种的平均杂合度为0.33±0.10％。四个群体共享常见的等位基因。虽然其中三个群体拥有特有的等位基因,但其基因频率都未超过5％。四个群体的Nei氏遗传距只有1.68—12.13×10~(-5)。据分析,近交可能是遗传变异水平低和形态特征分化差的主要原因。种苗生产上应注意广泛采集不同地理群体的鱼作亲鱼,以丰富养殖群体的基因库。     

几种养殖鲍同工酶生化遗传的比较研究

运用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对我国主要养殖鲍(皱纹盘鲍、盘鲍及九孔鲍)12种同工酶(LDH、ME、MDH、GPI、PGM、IDH、IDDH、SOD、EST、ODH、ADH、AAT)26个基因座位进行了分析．结果表明：EST、PGM可以作为区分三种(亚种)鲍的生化遗传标记；在所分析的位点中，未发现多态现象，表明三种养殖鲍杂合子缺失严重，其主要原因可能在于哑基因、近交与自然选择。     

黄鳍鲷LDH同工酶的组织特异性研究

以黄鳍鲷为材料进行两方面研究:（1）用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法，对其肌肉，心脏，肝脏，血清，玻璃体，晶状体，脑等组织器官进行LDH同工酶分析比较，结果表明，不同组织中LDH的同工酶谱带不相同，存在着组织特异性：（2）用聚丙烯酰胺等电聚焦电泳法对其肌肉，血清的LDH同工酶进行分离 ，结果得到12－15条电泳区带，等电点范围在pH为3．65－9．58之间。     

口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)同工酶的组织特异性及生化遗传分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直平板电泳方法，研究分析了口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)肌肉、眼球、腹鳃、心脏和肝胰腺5种器官或组织中LDH、ADH、MDH、SDH、MEP、POD、AMY、GDH、SCD、EST、GLDH和SOD共12种同工酶的表达情况。结果表明，口虾蛄同工酶的表达具有明显的组织特异性。对12种同工酶进行生化遗传分析，获得了基本酶谱。12种同工酶共记录出35个基因座位，其中11个基因座位Ldh-3、Adh-1、Sdh-2、Est-1、Est-2、Est-3、Mdh、Mep-7、Gldh-1、Gldh-2和Scd-1为多态，其多态座位比例为31.43％。     

水体富营养化的生化防治机理——污水深度处理与脱氮除磷

由于人类生活生产活动的范围日益扩大 ,大量高含氮、磷的生活废水和工业污水排入江河、湖泊及海域中 ,引起水体富营养化 ,从而导致赤潮等灾害频繁发生。因此分析富营养化机理 ,探索污水的处理方法 ,减少水体的富营养化已成为迫切的问题。１富营养化危害与藻类形成１．１富营养化危害水体富营养化作用 (ｅｕｔｒｏｐｈｉｃａｔｉｏｎ)是指含大量氮、磷(含Ｎ＞０．２～０．３ｍｇ／Ｌ,含Ｐ＞０．０１～０．０２ｍｇ／Ｌ)的工业污水或生活废水排入江河、湖泊或海域中时 ,水体出现的富营养状态。当富营养水体有适当的生物、水文、气象条件时 ,水…     

5种常见养殖鱼类肌肉营养成分分析

测定了真鲷、平鲷、黑鲷、斜带髭鲷和勒氏微鲷等5种常见养殖鱼类肌肉的生化成分，氨基酸组成和8种金属元素的含量，分析计算了其能值和氨基酸的种类及比例，并对它们的营养价值进行了评价，结果表明，所测定的5种鱼类肌肉都具有含高蛋白质低脂类的特征，氨基酸和常见营养元素的种类齐全，含量较高，是人类理想的优质蛋白源。     

大生活用海水生化处理技术研究进展

采用海水作为大生活用水最结解沿海城市淡水资源紧缺局面的有效途径之一。该技术得以推广应用的技术关键是大生活用海水的后处理技术，文章综述了大生活用海水的生化处理技术的研究现状，并提出了今后的研究方向。