黑云母片麻岩—H2O系统在0.1—0.2GPa压力下的熔融实验

本文提出了冀东黑云母片麻岩—H2O系统在0.1一0.2GPa压力下熔融买验的相关系。其固相线温度分別为0.1GPa时762℃,0.2GPa时712℃。黑云母消失的温度分別为0.1GPa时787℃,0.2GPa时737℃,石英消失的温度分别为0.1GPa时837.℃,0.2GPa时787.℃。采用Burn-ham模型计算的在液相线温度下岩浆饱和水的含量分別为0.1GPa时3.8%与0.2GPa时5.8%。根据实验结果以及早前寒武纪时冀东陆壳的古地温可知,该区早前寒武纪角阿岩相岩石分布的地区广泛出现的混合岩化作用应主要归因于陆壳岩石(黑云母片麻岩等)的局部熔融作用。由实验结果以及现代冀东陆壳的地温可推知,壳内低速层可能不是由岩石局部熔融所引起,而是由岩石中含有隙间水流体引起。     

The New Meteorite Fall of Yanzhuang—A Severely Shocked H6 Chondrite with Black Molten Materials

At 21:45 hr (Beijing time) on Oct. 31, 1990 the Yanzhuang meteorite hit the ground at the Yanzhuang village, Wenyuan County, Guangdong Province. Several fragments, totalling 3.5 kg, were recovered during the field survey. This meteorite is a rare one of its kind due to its heavily shocked features and thick veins made up of black molten materials. Olivine and low-calcium pyroxene are compositionally homogeneous with Fa=18.59, Fs=16.35 and Wo=1.29. The chemical composition (total Fe=28.0%) and recrystallized texture of the chondritic mass show that the Yanzhuang is an H6 chondrite. The black molten materials occur in the form of blocks (up to 2×3×4 cm in size) and veins (0.1–15 mm in width), and contain a lot of rounded and elliptic FeNi-FeS blobs (up to 6–10 mm in length). The metal in these blobs exhibits distinct dendritic structure characteristic of rapid cooling. Unmolten and molten samples are very similar in chemical composition, fitting well with the average H-chondrites. Partial melting and FeNi/FeS-silicate separation have not been observed in the molten materials of the Yanzhuang. This project was financially supported by the Science Foundation of Guangdong Province.     

河西走廊东部地区的大地电磁测深研究

本文给出了河西走廊东部地区十个大地电磁测深点结果。我们发现,在横穿走廊的方向上,地壳、上地幔的电导率分布发生了明显的横向变化,显示出某种带状特征。走廊盆地的下部地壳内存在一异常低阻层,其表面深度在45-50公里之间,电阻率为数个欧姆·米,厚度在5公里以内。讨论了横穿青藏高原东北缘和东缘上地幔第一个低阻层埋深的变化。并初步探讨了某些电性特征层的成因和作用。     

Energy Buildup,Flux Confinement and Helicity Accumulation in the Solar Corona

Starting from a dipole field and a given distribution of footpoint displace- ment of field lines on the photosphere,we find axisymmetric,force-free field solutions in spherical coordinates that have the same distribution of normal field on the photo- sphere and magnetic topology as the dipole field.A photospheric shear is introduced in the azimuthal direction in a region that strides across the equator and ends at latitude γ_s.The footpoint displacement has a sine distribution in latitude and a peak amplitude of (?)_m.The magnetic energy E,azimuthal flux F_(?),and magnetic helicity H_T in the solar corona are then calculated for each force-free field solution.It is found that for a given shear region range γ_s,all of the three quantities increase monotoni- cally with increasing (?)_m.In particular,both F_(?) and H_T have a linear dependence on (?)m.When (?)_m reaches a certain critical value (?)_(mc),the force-free field loses equilib- rium,leading to a partial opening of the field and the appearance of a current sheet in the equatorial plane.At this point,E,F_(?)and H_T reach their maximum values, E_c,F_((?)c) and H_(Tc).E_c increases,and F_((?)c) and H_(Tc)decrease with decreasing λ_s.It is found that E_c is always smaller than the open field energy,in agreement with the Aly conjecture.Of the three critical parameters,E_c has the weakest dependence on λ_s.Therefore,if one is interested in the transition of a magnetic configuration from a stable state to a dynamic one,the magnetic energy is probably the most appropriate marker of the transition.     

富氟花岗岩中萤石岩浆成因的新证据

通过富氟花岗岩-HF-H2O体系的熔化-结晶实验,在620～700℃、1×108Pa条件下获得了石英+碱性长石+黄玉+云母+萤石的矿物组合.在该实验体系中首次发现了八面体萤石.实验结果表明,在岩浆条件下可以形成萤石,从而为富氟花岗岩中萤石的岩浆成因提供了新证据.     

湘西白钨矿之发现

白锦矿名重石(Scheelite,CaWO_4),因其色白,故有是名,兼以示别於黑钨矿(Wolframite)。民国三十二年春,笔者到达冷家溪作金矿探采工程。在清金程序中发觉淘品内含有一层色白带灰之杂质,性硬质重,而难熔化。     

地球在移动，地核在熔化

近期地球的种种表现，是在向我们预示它真的进入了特殊的发展阶段吗？ 在地表下5000千米的地方，神秘的力量在聚集。科学家无法解释目前地核的运动方式。理论上，地球内核应该在吸收外核的铁，使其结晶成固态。     

中国核电切勿“盲人骑马” 访中国科学院院士何祚庥

<正>专家简介:何祚庥,1927年生于上海,原籍安徽望江。1951年毕业于清华大学。中国科学院院士,第八、九届全国政协委员,北京大学科学与社会研究中心兼职教授、科学技术哲学专业博士生导师,中国科学院理论物理研究所研究员、理论物理专业博士研究生导师,中国自然辩证法研究会副理事长,中国无神论学会副理事长。早期从事粒子理论、原子弹和氢弹理论的研究,是氢弹理论的开拓者之一,也是中国第一颗原子弹