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The Soil Moisture and Net Primary Production Affected by CO_2 and Climate Change Using a Coupled Model 下载免费PDF全文
In this paper, a coupled model was used to estimate the responses of soil moisture and net primary production of vegetation (NPP) to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration and climate change. The analysis uses three experiments simulated by the second-generation Earth System Model (CanESM2) of the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis (CCCma), which are part of the phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The authors focus on the magnitude and evolution of responses in soil moisture and NPP using simulations modeled by CanESM, in which the individual effects of increasing CO2 concentration and climate change and their combined effect are separately accounted for. When considering only the single effect of climate change, the soil moisture and NPP have a linear trend of 0.03 kg m^-2 yr^-1 and-0.14 gC m^- 2 yr^-2, respec- tively. However, such a reduction in the global NPP results from the decrease of NPP at lower latitudes and in the Southern Hemisphere, although increased NPP has been shown in high northern latitudes. The largest negative trend is located in the Amazon basin at -1.79 gC m^-2 yr^-2. For the individual effect of increasing CO2 concentration, both soil moisture and NPP show increases, with an elevated linear trend of 0.02 kg m^-2 yr^-1 and 0.84 gC m^-2 yr^-2, respectively. Most regions show an increasing NPP, except Alaska. For the combined effect of increasing atmospheric CO2 and climate change, the increased soil moisture and NPP exhibit a linear trend of 0.04 kg m^2 yr^-1 and 0.83 gC m^2 yr^-2 at a global scale. In the Amazon basin, the higher reduction in soil moisture is illustrated by the model, with a linear trend of-0.39 kg m^-2 yr^-1, for the combined effect. Such a change in soil moisture is caused by a weakened Walker circulation simulated by this coupled model, compared with the single effect of increasing CO2 concentration (experiment M2), and a consequence of the reduction in NPP is also shown in this area, with a linear trend of- 相似文献
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本文利用GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) 卫星重力资料研究了亚马逊流域2002-2010年的陆地水变化,并与水文模式和降雨资料进行了比较分析.在年际尺度上,GRACE结果表明:2002-2003年和2005年,亚马逊流域发生明显的干旱现象;2007年至2009年,陆地水呈逐年增加的趋势,并在2009年6月变化值达到最大,为772±181 km3;自2009年6月至2010年12月,陆地水总量又急剧减少了1139±262 km3,这相当于全球海平面上升3.2±0.7 mm所需的水量.水文模式得到的亚马逊流域陆地水在2010年也表现出明显的减少.降雨资料与GRACE观测资料有很好的一致性.在2005年和2010年的干旱期,亚马逊流域的降雨显著减少,说明降雨是亚马逊流域陆地水变化的重要因素.此外,本文采用的尺度因子的方法有效地降低了GRACE后处理误差的影响. 相似文献
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Girardi V.A. V. Teixeira W. Bettencourt J.S. Andrade S. Navarro M.S. Sato K. 《《幕》》2008,31(4):392-400
The Amazonian Craton comprises an Archean domain surrounded by four successively younger Proterozoic tectonic provinces. Within the Rio-Negro-Juruena province the Serra da Providencia Intrusive Suite (1.60 and 1.53 Ga) consists of A-type rapakivi gran- ites, charnockites and mangerites genetically associated with diabase dikes, gabbros and amphibolites. The original mafic melts were derived from a depleted mantle source (εN(T) +2.5 to +2.8;εSr(T) -12.1). Underplated mafic magma induced melting of a short-lived felsic crust, thus originating coeval felsic-mafic magmatism in a conti- nental intraplate setting. The Colorado Complex, assigned to the Rondonian-San Ignacio province, comprises 1.35-1.36 Ga intrusive bimodal magmatism represented by monzonite gneisses associated with amphibolite, gabbro and metadiabase dikes intercalated with metasediments with detrital zircon that yield U- Pb ages of 1.35 to 1.42 Ga. Mafic samples dis- play juvenile signatures (εNd(T) 0.0 to +5.2; εSr(T) --5.0 to --30.7) and are less contaminated than the Serra da Previdencia and Nova Brasilandia ones. The generation of the basaltic magma is related to the subduction of an oceanic slab below the peridotite wedge (intraoceanic arc setting). Fluids and/or small melts from the slab impregnated the mantle. The Nova Brasilandia Sequence (Sunsas-Aguapef province) comprises a metasedimentary sequence intruded by 1.10-1.02 Ga metadia- bases, gabbros, meta-gabbros, and amphibolites associated with granitic plutons (bimodal mag- matism). The original tholeiitic magmas, derived from a depleted source (εNd(T) = +3.1 to +5.0), in a proto-oceanic setting, underwent subsequent contamination by the host rocks, as indicated by the isotopic and trace element data. 相似文献
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苏里南金矿主要位于圭亚那地盾古元古代花岗岩-绿岩带上,沿大型剪切带或断层带分布。通过实地调查、综合研究及结合前人资料的基础上初步认为当地主要有冲洪积型、残坡积型、剪切带(造山)型金矿等类型。剪切带型金矿与剪切构造活动同期或晚于构造变形期,与泛亚马逊造山期后钙碱性火山作用和深成侵入作用同期。根据罗斯贝尔金矿等典型矿床研究,苏里南金矿与圭亚那地盾其它造山型金矿成矿时代相近(2.023~1.955Ga),泛亚马逊主期的构造对金矿起到了导矿和容矿作用,同时提出苏里南金矿的主要找矿方向。 相似文献
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当亚马逊地区修建第一条高速公路时,就像人们用剃刀划开了雨林的一角。时至今日,这个小小的切口已经发展为亚马逊东部一条宽达400公里的雨林破坏带。巴西国内最负盛名的森林气候学家伊尼亚斯·萨拉提(Eneas Salatl)教授曾经发表过一个极端言论:“保护亚马逊雨林的最好办法就是炸掉所有公路。”尽管这就好像某种生态恐怖主义言论,但是很多科学家都与萨拉提教授一样对爆炸式的公路建设怀有深深的忧虑。 相似文献
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