Living fast and dangerously? Spatio‐temporalities of happy and healthful smoking futures

This paper gathers together young smokers’ senses of present‐futures in the context of Singapore, where smoking is generally frowned upon. Accordingly, I examine how young smokers perceive and perform a multiplicity of healthful subjectivities, which is set within the context of an aggressive state‐driven pre‐emptive politics striving to nip the ‘problem’ of smoking in the bud. In providing a range of justifications for their smoking practices, young smokers have attempted to redefine their own spaces of healthfulness and happiness beyond those imposed by public health discourses. More specifically, although some of them are able to recognize the mutual imbrication of the present and future, others are more inclined to privilege the here‐and‐now over the there‐and‐then. In this way I disrupt stereotypes of young people as being only emblems of the future and as passive victims of their own irresponsibility. Rather, I argue that in responding creatively to anti‐smoking messages that propagate the inevitability of dystopic smoking destinies, young smokers play an active role in reproducing their own futural geographies. In so doing, I hope to extend critical geographical perspectives by highlighting the influence that the future can have on the spatio‐temporalities that young people experience.     

磁源TEM测深一维反演经验式及应用效果

烟圈理论的快速一维反演是目前广泛应用的方法之一。作者根据大量模型计算发现的现象,提出1个经验反演式,核心是引入了采样延时幂指数,直接与地电断面特性相关。模型计算和野外数据处理表明,经验式克服了快速烟圈反演的缺点,结果令人满意。     

Lifetime risk of urothelial carcinoma and lung cancer in the arseniasis-endemic area of Northeastern Taiwan

Arsenic in drinking water has been shown to increase the risk of urothelial carcinoma and lung cancer. However, the lifetime risk of developing urothelial carcinoma and lung cancer caused by exposure to arsenic in drinking water has not been reported. This study aimed to assess the lifetime risk of urothelial carcinoma and lung cancer caused by arsenic exposure from drinking water and cigarette smoking habit for residents living in the arseniasis-endemic area in Northeastern Taiwan. We recruited 8086 residents in 1991–1994 and monitored them for their newly developed types of cancers, identified by computerized linkage with the national cancer registry profile. There were 37 newly diagnosed urothelial carcinoma cases and 223 new lung cancer cases during the follow-up period (until 2007). The lifetime (35–85 years old) cumulative risk of developing urothelial carcinoma from an arsenic concentration in the drinking water of <10, 10–99, and 100+ μg/L was 0.29%, 1.07% and 3.43%, respectively. The corresponding probabilities were 7.42%, 8.99% and 17.09% for the lifetime risk of developing lung cancer. Cigarette smoking was associated with an increased risk of urothelial carcinoma and lung cancer, showing the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of 2.48 (1.27–4.82) and 3.44 (2.00–5.90) after adjusting for the arsenic concentration in drinking water. After adjusting for cigarette smoking, the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of developing urothelial carcinoma caused by the arsenic concentration in drinking water of <10, 10–99 and 100+ μg/L was 1.0 (the reference group), 2.18 (0.59–8.01), and 8.71 (2.49–30.48), respectively. The corresponding figures were 1.0 (the reference group), 1.14 (0.80–1.61), 1.84 (1.28–2.65) for lung cancer. Synergistic effects on the development of urothelial carcinoma and lung cancer existed between the arsenic exposure level and cigarette smoking. It is suggested that people who have had a high exposure to arsenic in drinking water should stop smoking cigarettes to lower their lifetime risk of urothelial carcinoma and lung cancer.     

Moralising geographies: stigma, smoking islands and responsible subjects

As the long-term negative health effects of continued smoking have become more obvious, smoking cessation has become a key focus of government attention across the developed world. Smoking cessation programmes have had mixed outcomes, with rates of smoking in certain socio-economically disadvantaged and ethnic minority groups remaining high. The increasing stigmatisation of those who continue to smoke, coupled with the spatial segregation of poor and minority populations, may compound to produce 'smoking islands' that may serve to reinforce rather than discourage continued smoking. This paper examines practices of compliance and resistance by disadvantaged smokers and ex-smokers to strategies of biopower.     

双源CT评估吸烟与冠脉斑块相关性的价值研究

目的：利用双源CT（DSCT）血管成像技术探讨吸烟与冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块之间的相关性。方法：收集本院2012年4月到2013年4月接受DSCT冠状动脉造影检查的患者病例,以调查问卷为分组依据,先分为吸烟组和非吸烟组,再以是否有家族遗传史或合并糖尿病、高血压、高血脂等高危因素为剔除标准。选择余下的单纯吸烟组200例和单纯不吸烟组200例为本实验的研究对象。观察并比较两组患者斑块的发生率、分布特点、狭窄程度与斑块类型。结果：病变累及血管支数及范围比较：吸烟组冠脉3支血管病变发生率为23.0%,非吸烟组为7.0%;吸烟组弥漫性病变发生率为46.0%,非吸烟组为14.5%,两组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。狭窄程度比较：吸烟组重度狭窄、完全闭塞的比例分别为27.5%、6.7%、非吸烟组分别为17.1%、3.7%,吸烟组较非吸烟组增高。斑块性质比较：吸烟组混合斑块的发生率为44.7%,非吸烟组为21.9%;而非钙化斑块的发生率,吸烟组为38.7%,非吸烟组为67.9%,两组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。经调整年龄、性别和体重指数的统计学处理后,证明吸烟是混合斑块的独立危险因素。而通过不同吸烟指数分组的两两比较,混合斑块的发生率随吸烟指数的递增而增加。结论：DSCT冠状动脉造影能够准确评价冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块在吸烟和非吸烟患者之间的差异,吸烟者混合斑块发生率更高,更处于易发心血管事件的高危状态。     

The geography of smoking in Leeds: estimating individual smoking rates and the implications for the location of stop smoking services

Smoking is an important and topical health issue in the UK. In Leeds, the target is to reduce smoking prevalence by 9 per cent by 2010. However, a key unknown is the likely distribution of smokers across the city. This paper aims to estimate individual smoking rates using microsimulation and hence evaluate the performance of established stop smoking services, e.g. how well do they serve local areas and to what extent does attendance vary between service point locations? Location-allocation modelling is employed to test various location scenarios and provide insight into where to optimally place centres.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The City in Cultural Context . John Agnew, John Mercer, David Sopher, eds. Soils and Geomorphology Peter W. Birkeland. Urbanization and Settlement Systems, International Perspectives . L. S. Bourne, R. Sinclair, and K. Dziewoński. eds. An Introduction to Urban Historical Geography . Harold Carter. Overshoot, The Ecological Basis of Revolutionary Change . William J. Catton, Jr. Rivers of the World . Eberhard Czaya. Jewish Communities in Frontier Societies: Argentina, Australia and South Africa . Daniel J. Elazar with Peter Medding. Color in Public Spaces: Toward a Communication-Based Theory of the Urban Built Environment. Kenneth E. Foote. Spatial Statistics and Models. Gary L. Gaile and Cort J. Willmott, eds. Mega-Geomorphology. Rita Gardner and Helen Scoging, eds. Technological Change and Regional Development. Gillespie, ed. The Arid Lands: Their Use and Abuse. R. L. Heathcote. The Location of Industry in Britain. A. G. Hoare. Groundwater as a Geomorphic Agent . R. G. LaFleur, ed. Rural Public Services: International Comparisons. Richard E. Lonsdale and Gyorgy Enyedi, eds. Saving Water in a Desert City. William E. Martin, Helen M. Ingram, Nancy K. Laney, and Adrian H. Griffin. Water Resources: Distribution, Use and Management. John R. Mather. Transnationals and the Third World: The Struggle for Culture. Armand Mattelart. South Hadley, MA: USGS Digital Cartographic Data Standards. R. B. McEwen, R. E. Witmer, and B. S. Ramey, eds. The Ecosystem Concept in Anthropology. Emilio F. Moran, ed. Boulder, CO: Women, Men, and the International Division of Labor. June Nash and Maria Patricia Fernandez-Kelly, eds. Nuclear Power: Assessing and Managing Hazardous Technology. Martin J. Pasqualetti and K. David Pijawka, eds. Mary Somerville and the Cultivation of Science 1815-1840. Elizabeth Chalmers Patterson. An Introduction to Coastal Geomorphology. John Pethick. Late Quaternary Environments of the United States , Vol. 1, The Late Pleistocene. Stephen C. Porter, ed. Planning and Ecology. R. D. Roberts and T. M. Roberts, eds. Regionalism and the Pacific Northwest. William G. Robbins, Robert J. Frank, and Richard E. Ross, eds. Environment and Health. Anthony J. Rowland and Paul Cooper. Sunbelt/Snowbelt: Urban Development and Regional Restructuring. Larry Sawers and William K. Tabb, eds. The Bad Earth. Environmental Degradation in China. Vaclav Smil. Armonk, NY: Voyage into Substance: Art, Science, Nature, and the Illustrated Travel Account, 1760–1840. Barbara Maria Stafford. The Institute of British Geographers: The First Fifty Years. Robert W. Steel. Visions of the Past. Christopher Taylor and Richard Muir. Glacial Lake Agassiz. J. T. Teller and Lee Clayton, eds. The Tule Breakers: The Story of the California Dredge. John Thompson and Edward A. Dutra. The Balkan City 1400–1900. Nikolai Todorov. Explanation, Prediction and Planning: the Lowry model. Michael J. Webber. Mercedes Reales: Hispanic Land Grants of the Upper Rio Grande Region. Victor Westphall. The World Atlas of Revolutions. Andrew J. M. Wheatcroft. The West European City, A Social Geography. Paul White. Urban Elites and Mass Transportation. J. Allen Whitt. Princeton, NJ: Urban Life In Contemporary China. Martin King Whyte and William L. Parish. The Demand for Energy in the Soviet Union. David Wilson. London and Canberra: Rethinking Geographical Inquiry. J. David Wood, ed.     

瞬变电磁“烟圈”反演实现

目前应用较广的反演基于烟圈理论,简称"烟圈反演"。烟圈理论最早由M.N.Nabig-hian提出的。这里基于一种简单的、快速近似反演方法,实现瞬变电磁中心回线法反演程序的开发。由于这种简化的"烟圈"理论反演方法具有计算简单、不需要初始模型的特点,适合于在野外现场对观测数据进行初步解释。     

华东地质学院校园植物含硫量的分析研究

本文通过对华东地质学院校园植物叶片含硫量及叶绿素含量的测定,分析研究了五个监点和一个对照点的五种不同种植物总含硫量和叶绿素含量的变化规律,初步说明了锅炉及食堂烟囱排放的ＳＯ２烟气对校园的污染作用。