The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

改良FS-3D-TrueFISP序列与传统序列在软骨成像中的对比研究

目的:总结正常软骨在改良脂肪抑制三维真实稳态自由进动序列上的表现,与传统序列对比研究软骨显像的图像质量,探讨经过改良以后的脂肪抑制三维真实稳态自由进动序列应用于软骨成像的可行性.方法:应用脂肪抑制三维快速小角度激发序列、三维双回波稳态序列、脂肪抑制快速自旋回波质子密度加权序列,以及经过改良以后的两个脂肪抑制三维真实稳态自由进动序列,对10名志愿者的膝关节进行扫描.测量各序列软骨及关节滑液的信号强度及背景噪声,计算各种方法所得图像的关节软骨的信噪比、关节软骨与滑液的对比噪声比及对比噪声比效率,比较各序列所得的信噪比、对比噪声比及对比噪声比效率之间有无统计学差异.结果:在改良的序列上软骨信号强度介于关节液与邻近骨质之间.6例信号均匀,4例软骨信号可见与脂肪抑制三维快速小角度激发序列相似的分层现象,各序列的信噪比、对比噪声比及对比噪声比效率差异具有显著性.采集次数为2次的脂肪抑制三维真实稳态自由进动序列的对比噪声比及对比噪声比效率优于其他序列.结论:经过改良后的真实稳态自由进动序列可以在保持关节软骨一定的信噪比的前提下在短时间内获得与关节滑液之间具有良好对比噪声比的图像.真实稳态自由进动序列可以用于关节软骨病变的诊断.     

同步辐射显微CT的人关节软骨三维成像研究

目的:探讨同步辐射显微CT(SR-μCT)相位对比技术成像研究人软骨细微组织结构的可行性。方法:3例直径约1mm,高度约4mm的圆柱状离体人软骨(正常1例,轻度损伤1例,重度损伤1例)样本,经4%甲醛溶液固定后行SR-μCT扫描,扫描后将原始投影图像相位恢复,切片重构及三维重建,而后与病理图片对照,对比分析SR-μCT图像的细胞形态,大小及排列方式;比较正常标本与软骨损伤标本的胶原原纤维网的改变。结果:SR-μCT重建图像可以清楚显示软骨细胞、软骨陷窝及排列方式,与病理切片高度吻合。经MIP重建,可以显示软骨基质内的胶原原纤维网,正常软骨呈垂直于软骨下骨面的平行排列,其横截面呈拱形网状,轻度软骨损伤标本纵向呈弯曲状排列,其横截面可见轻度塌陷,重度软骨损伤表现为横截面明显塌陷,纵切面纤维排列紊乱。结论:SR-μCT可实现软骨细胞水平的成像,经合适阈值处理,可以显示胶原原纤维网三维结构。      

赤魟软骨粗提物的血管生成抑制活性定量分析

以赤魟软骨为原料,对赤魟软骨中新生血管抑制组分的提取方法及其生物学活性进行了初步研究。采用盐酸胍抽提、冷冻离心、透析、冷冻干燥等方法,得到分子量为3~300 kDa的活性组分,活性鉴定采用改进的Robert法观察赤魟软骨提取物对鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜(CAM)血管生成的作用情况。赤魟软骨提取物活性给药组为质量分数为10%、1%、0.1%的甲基纤维素溶液,空白对照组为质量分数为10%的MC溶液,加样24 h后对各给药组样品给药部位进行形态学观察,并通过计算机图像分析软件原理编程进行血管数量统计。试验结果表明:赤魟软骨提取物具有抑制新生血管形成的作用,其活性与给药组质量分数成正比。且软骨血管生成抑制因子直接来源于动物组织,无明显毒副作用,在肿瘤治疗方面可能具有良好的应用前景。     

Effects of basic fibroblast growth factor and insulin-like growth factor on cultured cartilage cells from skate Raja porasa

Effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) on cartilage cells from proboscis of skate,Raja porasa Günther, were investigated in this study. The cartilage cells were cultured in 20% FBS-supplemented MEM medium at 24°C. Twelve hours after culture initiation, the cartilage cells were treated with bFGF and IGF-II at different concentration combinations. It was found that 20 ng/ml of bFGF or 80 ng/ml of IGF-II was enough to have obvious stimulating effect on the growth and division of skate cartilage cells. Test of bFGF and IGF-II together, revealed that 20 ng/ml of bFGF and 80 ng/ml of IGF-II together had the best stimulating effect on the growth and division of skate cartilage cells. The cartilage cells cultured could form a monolayer at day 7. This work was partially supported and funded by the China Education Committee as the “Imbursement Project for Studied Abroad Returnees”.     

鲨鱼软骨多糖的理化性质及其与DNA分子相互作用的研究

以鲨鱼软骨为原料 ,用改进的提取工艺 ,制得纯度较高的鲨鱼软骨多糖(SCAMP)。对其进行理化性质分析 ,表明SCAMP含有29.90%N 乙酰半乳糖胺、27.00 %葡萄糖醛酸、13.50%硫酸根及0.20 %蛋白质。红外光谱测试表明SCAMP的糖残基可能是α -糖苷键 ,推测其主要成分是硫酸软骨素类多糖。用荧光探针法证实SCAMP与DNA分子能相互作用 ,并呈量效关系 ,为进一步探索SCAMP抗癌作用机理提供了一项实验依据。     

宽纹虎鲨软骨细胞体外培养的启动

以活体宽纹虎鲨(Heterodortus japonicus)的鳃软骨和鳍软骨组织为材料,利用透明质酸酶(hyaluronidase)、Ⅱ型胶原酶(type Ⅱ collagenase)和胰蛋白酶(trypsin)进行消化获得游离软骨细胞,对所得游离细胞连同软骨组织分别用含20％小牛血清的MEM培养液进行体外培养。对软骨细胞体外培养条件的优化结果显示,宽纹虎鲨鳍软骨细胞体外培养的最适pH为7．2～7．6、最佳温度为24℃,成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF,basic fibroblast growth factor)对软骨细胞作用不显著。培养于pH7．2～7．6的MEM培养液(含20％小牛血清)中的宽纹虎鲨鳍软骨组织,在24℃启动培养3d后便有软骨细胞开始陆续从组织中迁出,新迁出细胞的形态多为圆形,随着培养时间的延长,部分细胞形态逐渐转变成上皮样。     

Effects of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor and Insulin-like Growth Factor on Cultured Cartilage Cells from Skate Raja porasa

Effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ(IGF-Ⅱ) on cartilage cells from proboscis of skate, Raja porasa Glinther, were investigated in this study. The cartilage cells were cultured in 20% FBS-supplemented MEM medium at 24℃. Twelve hours after culture initiation, the cartilage cells were treated with bFGF and IGF-Ⅱ at different concentration combinations. It was found that 20 ng/ml of bFGF or 80 ng/ml of IGF-Ⅱ was enough to have obvious stimulating effect on the growth and division of skate cartilage cells. Test of bFGF and IGF-Ⅱ together, revealed that 20 ng/ml of bFGF and 80 ng/ml of IGF-Ⅱ together had the best stimulating effect on the growth and division of skate cartilage cells. The cartilage cells cultured could form a monolayer at day 7.     

杂交鲟(Sturgeon cartilage)软骨中硫酸软骨素的提取方法及分析鉴定

采用稀碱浸提、蛋白酶水解与三氯乙酸沉淀相结合脱蛋白的工艺,对杂交鲟软骨提取琉酸软骨素的方法进行了较系统的研究。综合考察各种影响因素,设计了正交试验对提取工艺参数进行了优化,并对产品的质量指标进行了检验。结果表明,最佳提取工艺参数为:碱提取时料液比为1:2.0,碱浓度为4%,碱提温度为40℃;胰蛋白酶的酶解温度为55℃,酶量为2%,酶解时间为10h,制备的硫酸软骨素为白色粉末,得率为28.9%,纯度为92.3%,蛋白质含量为2.59%,各项质量指标完全符合标准要求。与目前已报道的其他软骨素制备工艺相比较,该方法具有工艺简便,提取率高,产品纯度高的特点。光谱分析法结构鉴定结果表明它是一种软骨素肽,其主要成分为硫酸软骨素C。     

赤魟组织粗提物的抗肿瘤作用

采用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)微量酶反应比色法检查赤魟三种组织(皮肤、软组织和软骨)粗提物对体外培养的人癌细胞生长的影响,用腹腔注射或灌胃法检查赤魟三种组织粗提物对小鼠移植性肉瘤180(S180)和肝癌(H22)生长的影响。结果表明,赤魟组织粗提物对体外培养的人早幼粒白血病细胞(HL-60)、人子宫颈癌细胞(HeLa)和人低分化鼻咽癌细胞(CNE-2Z)的生长无明显影响,赤魟组织粗提物无论腹腔注射还是灌胃均显著抑制小鼠肉瘤和小鼠肝癌的生长,且对体重无明显影响;当三种组织粗提物以500mg/kg/d(相当生药量,下同)的剂量连续腹腔注射(ip)15d时,对S180的抑制率分别为63.9%、47.2%和80.3%;以3500mg/kg/d连续灌胃(ig)15d时,对S180的抑制率分别为66.9%、61.5%和66.9%;以500mg/kg/d连续腹腔注射15d时,对H22的抑制率分别为43.3%、43.3%和80.4%。