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水鸟在物种或群落水平上可以对湿地营养状态有所响应,预警生态系统有害的改变.以大型淡水湖泊洱海为例,基于2015年2月沿岸17个观察点的冬季水鸟调查与水质同步监测,研究小(Podiceps ruficollis)、白骨顶(Fulica atra)和黑水鸡(Gallinula chloropus)密度对沿岸水体中总磷和总氮浓度的响应关系.结果发现白骨顶和小密度均与总氮浓度呈显著正相关,也均与总磷浓度呈显著正相关;黑水鸡密度与总氮和总磷浓度无显著相关性.结果表明,水鸟可以在物种水平上对洱海湖滨带水中营养物质变化有所响应,也强调了根据具体指示物种的生态学习性选择水鸟指示物种尤为重要.白骨顶和小在更大空间和时间尺度上的水质指示作用有待于更多湖泊或水库水体的长期相关研究. 相似文献
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能量的消耗模式是动物适合度的重要体现,动物的日常行为和栖息地特征共同影响日能量消耗.稻田生境是越冬水鸟重要的觅食场所之一,同时又容易受到人为干扰,越冬水鸟应对日间不同的人为干扰因素而合理进行能量消耗配置,对于在越冬后期为迁徙而贮备能量的水鸟来说尤为迫切和重要.本文采用焦点动物取样法,观测越冬后期稻田中小天鹅(Cygnus columbianus)在干扰和非干扰环境中昼间行为的时间分配,推算其能量消耗.结果表明,小天鹅在干扰环境中警戒行为的时间分配和能量消耗、单次警戒时间和警戒频次均显著大于非干扰环境,游泳频次也是如此;在稻田中的昼间警戒能耗随干扰时间增加而增加,随干扰距离增加而降低.干扰造成小天鹅减少高能耗的取食行为,增加低能耗的警戒行为,降低昼间总能量的消耗. 相似文献
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We describe a large collection of fossil ‘waterfowl’ bones that are referable to the extinct clade Presbyornithidae (Anseriformes). All of these fossils were collected between 1971 and 1994 from Upper Paleocene and Lower Eocene sediments at the Tsagaan Khushuu site in the Gobi Desert of southern Mongolia. The collection includes specimens referred to a new small species within the genus Presbyornis Wetmore, 1926 as well as large numbers of bones that we place in the genus Presbyornis. On this basis of the Tsagaan Khushuu collection we suggest that several species of Presbyornis likely coexisted in this region; indeed, the presence of large numbers of middle‐sized, morphologically consistent but probably ecologically disparate species at the Tsagaan Khushuu site is consistent with the range of variation seen, for example, in taxa of extant dabbling ducks (Anatini). Although the anatomy and phylogenetic position of Presbyornithidae (in particular Presbyornis) are well known, this material from Mongolia further demonstrates the prevalence of these birds in aquatic and semi‐aquatic habitats by the earliest Paleogene. Because presbyornithids are also well documented from the late Cretaceous, their palaeoecology and morphological diversity provides a clue to selective avian survivorship across the Cretaceous‐Paleogene (K‐Pg) boundary. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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升金湖是长江中下游地区典型的浅水通江湖泊,是东亚-澳大利西亚候鸟迁徙路线上水鸟重要的越冬地. 2017年11月-2018年3月,以该湖泊越冬鸭属(Anas)鸟类为研究对象,对其在芦苇湿地、芡实塘、退耕还湿和水生植被恢复湿地4种湿地生境中的群落结构、行为特征及其环境影响因素进行了研究. 结果表明,升金湖分布有10种越冬鸭属鸟类,斑嘴鸭(Anas poecilorhyncha)、绿翅鸭(A. crecca)和绿头鸭(A. platyrhynchos)为该属鸟类群落的优势种. 鸭属鸟类群落在越冬前期种类和数量最多,在整个越冬期,鸭属鸟类在芦苇湿地中种数、数量、密度和多样性指数最高. 在水生植物盖度高、人为活动弱的芦苇湿地,鸭类的主要行为是休息;在食物资源丰富、人为活动强的芡实塘和退耕还湿湿地,其主要行为是觅食和警戒. 鸭属鸟类群落种数、数量、密度和多样性指数与湿地的面积、水域面积、水生植物盖度呈正相关,与干扰度和水深呈负相关. 觅食时间与气温和沉水植物的盖度呈正相关,与水深和干扰度呈负相关,警戒时间与干扰度呈正相关,与挺水植物的盖度呈负相关. 各种恢复类型的湿地生境成为越冬鸭属鸟类的重要栖息地,因此恢复多种湿地栖息地对于越冬水鸟的保护具有重要意义. 相似文献
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2019年11月9日—2020年1月20日在甘肃省张掖国家湿地公园4个湖域采取目标动物取样法,观察并记录了不同湖域越冬水鸟的警戒行为和游客人数,分析了水鸟对人为干扰响应的个体差异及其影响因素。本研究共调查到水鸟15种,隶属于5目5科11属。结果表明:不同湖域越冬水鸟的种类和数量呈极显著差异(P<0.01),其中鸳鸯湖和润泽湖的水鸟种类和数量较多(P<0.01),人工湖和如意湖的水鸟种类和数量较少(P<0.01);水鸟的反应距离、耐受距离在不同水域间呈极显著差异(P<0.01),惊飞距离在不同水域间无显著差异(P>0.05)。游客人数与水鸟警戒距离呈显著负相关(P<0.05),但与耐受距离和惊飞距离无显著相关性(P>0.05)。单因素方差分析结果表明,不同水鸟的反应距离、耐受距离和惊飞距离均存在极显著的种间差异性(P<0.01),其中渔鸥的反应距离最大,小??的反应距离最小(P<0.05);绿头鸭的耐受距离最大,凤头??的耐受距离最小(P<0.05);苍鹭的惊飞距离最大,绿头鸭的惊飞距离最小(P<0.05)。相关性分析结果表明,惊飞距离与水鸟的体长呈极显著正相关(P<0.05),与耐受距离无显著相关性(P>0.05)。 相似文献
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正Seagull Lake is an unusual saline lake,having a marine spring connected to a large continental ecosystem.With climate change the balance between the two is likely to change.This lake originated about 6000 years ago as a 相似文献
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丹顶鹤越冬期在人工湿地的夜栖分布 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在盐城国家级自然保护区人工湿地内,通过对丹顶鹤越冬期间夜栖地的调查,得出鹤群夜栖分布及其动态规律,并提出对该种群与夜栖地的管理措施。该项工作主要借助望远镜、GPS.照相机,采用直接计数法统计数量和利用文献资料数据。结果表明:人工湿地中丹顶鹤的夜栖分布随着环境的改变而改变,其中安全度和水位为其主要限制因子。因此控制人工湿地冬季水位,保护栖息环境不受人为影响是丹顶鹤安全越冬的主要保护措施。 相似文献
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Shorebirds, as migratory aquatic birds and top predators in intertidal ecosystems, can be affected by global environmental changes and escalations in local impacts on coastal lagoons and estuarine trophic networks. Many shorebirds winter in North African Atlantic coastal sites, most likely because these locations provide constant and reliable food supplies with less energy costs in comparison with the wintering sites of northern Europe. Although more information is available for other important southern coastal sites (e.g. Saharan Atlantic coastal desert and Guinean mangroves coast), very little information is available for the North African Atlantic coast. Here, we focus on the impact of shorebird predation on benthic macroinvertebrates in a major wintering site in this area—Sidi Moussa coastal lagoon, Morocco—using an exclosure experiment. For most of the macroinvertebrate species there was no significant effect of the exclusion of shorebird predation. Overall, our results do not show evidence that predation by shorebirds influenced the overall standing biomass of the benthic community. This may indicate that the benthic productivity is high enough to provide constant and reliable food supplies for non-breeding shorebirds. 相似文献