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Yingjie Hu Huina Mao Grant McKenzie 《International journal of geographical information science》2019,33(4):714-738
Local place names are frequently used by residents living in a geographic region. Such place names may not be recorded in existing gazetteers, due to their vernacular nature, relative insignificance to a gazetteer covering a large area (e.g. the entire world), recent establishment (e.g. the name of a newly-opened shopping center) or other reasons. While not always recorded, local place names play important roles in many applications, from supporting public participation in urban planning to locating victims in disaster response. In this paper, we propose a computational framework for harvesting local place names from geotagged housing advertisements. We make use of those advertisements posted on local-oriented websites, such as Craigslist, where local place names are often mentioned. The proposed framework consists of two stages: natural language processing (NLP) and geospatial clustering. The NLP stage examines the textual content of housing advertisements and extracts place name candidates. The geospatial stage focuses on the coordinates associated with the extracted place name candidates and performs multiscale geospatial clustering to filter out the non-place names. We evaluate our framework by comparing its performance with those of six baselines. We also compare our result with four existing gazetteers to demonstrate the not-yet-recorded local place names discovered by our framework. 相似文献
3.
Reliable quantification of savanna vegetation structure is critical for accurate carbon accounting and biodiversity assessment under changing climate and land-use conditions. Inventories of fine-scale vegetation structural attributes are typically conducted from field-based plots or transects, while large-area monitoring relies on a combination of airborne and satellite remote sensing. Both of these approaches have their strengths and limitations, but terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) has emerged as the benchmark for vegetation structural parameterization – recording and quantifying 3D structural detail that is not possible from manual field-based or airborne/spaceborne methods. However, traditional TLS approaches suffer from similar spatial constraints as field-based inventories. Given their small areal coverage, standard TLS plots may fail to capture the heterogeneity of landscapes in which they are embedded. Here we test the potential of long-range (>2000 m) terrestrial laser scanning (LR-TLS) to provide rapid and robust assessment of savanna vegetation 3D structure at hillslope scales. We used LR-TLS to sample entire savanna hillslopes from topographic vantage points and collected coincident plot-scale (1 ha) TLS scans at increasing distances from the LR-TLS station. We merged multiple TLS scans at the plot scale to provide the reference structure, and evaluated how 3D metrics derived from LR-TLS deviated from this baseline with increasing distance. Our results show that despite diluted point density and increased beam divergence with distance, LR-TLS can reliably characterize tree height (RMSE = 0.25–1.45 m) and canopy cover (RMSE = 5.67–15.91%) at distances of up to 500 m in open savanna woodlands. When aggregated to the same sampling grain as leading spaceborne vegetation products (10–30 m), our findings show potential for LR-TLS to play a key role in constraining satellite-based structural estimates in savannas over larger areas than traditional TLS sampling can provide. 相似文献
4.
一种基于特征信息的车牌识别方法 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
根据中国车辆牌照本身的现有特征信息,提出一种车牌识别方法.采用全局动态阈值法进行二值化处理图像,牌照定位算法简单迅速,字符分割参考垂直投影间隔和字符的纵横比.实验结果表明,这种方法具有良好的环境适应性和鲁棒性. 相似文献
5.
冰雹云雷达回波自动识别系统 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用CAPPI资料对立体风暴进行识别,计算并提供出实用的风暴结构参数,采用矩心踊跃法和矩不变量法相结合对单体风暴和混合性风暴回波进行跟踪;最小二第线性外推预报;根据WSD-88D的冰雹算法,在风暴结构基础上本文建立了Windows98操作平台上冰雹识别系统,经单站1年11次强对流天气过程的资料检验,结果表明:雹云识别精度达82%。系统建立了大量人机对话框以方便用户,增加实用性及推广性。 相似文献
6.
Integrated approach for identification of potential groundwater zones in Seethanagaram Mandal of Vizianagaram District,Andhra Pradesh,India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Identifying a good site for groundwater exploration in hard rock terrain is a challenging task. In hard rocks, groundwater
occurs in secondary porosity developed due to weathering, fracturing, faulting, etc., which is highly variable within short
distance and contributing to near-surface inhomogeneity. In such situations topographic, hydrogeological and geomorphological
features provide useful clues for the selection of suitable sites.
Initially, based on satellite imagery, topographical, geomorphological and hydrogeological features, an area of about 149
km2 was demarcated as a promising zone for groundwater exploration in the hard rock tract of Seethanagaram Mandal, Vizianagaram
District, Andhra Pradesh, India. A total of 50 Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) were carried out using Wenner electrode
configuration. An interactive interpretation of the VES data sharpened the information inferred from geomorphological and
hydrogeological reconnaissance. Ten sites were recommended for drilling. Drilling with Down-The-Hole Hammer (DTH) was carried
out at the recommended sites down to 50 to 70 m depths. The interpreted VES results matched well with the drilled bore well
lithologs. The yields of bore wells vary from 900 to 9000 liters per hour (lph). 相似文献
7.
根据1986—1990中美热带西太平洋海气相互作用8个航次合作综合调查资料,分析了1987年10月赤道中西太平洋165°E(10°N-6°S)次表层水形成溶解氧最大值的原因。1986-1987年E1Nino衰退时期,该海域赤道附近在E1Nino强盛时期下沉的次表层水开始回升,短时期内形成了类似于中、高纬度海域的理化环境,使浮游生物在混合层内聚集生长,最终导致溶解氧含量在次表层出现最大值和过饱和含量。 相似文献
8.
A coding error in the s-Coordinate Primitive Equation Model (SPEM) has led to misleading statements about the behaviour of the Mellor–Yamada level 2 parameterization of vertical mixing. It has been claimed that the scheme removes static instability only very slowly and preserves statically unstable stratifications for an unrealistic long time. This note corrects this statement by demonstrating that the Mellor–Yamada mixing scheme, if implemented correctly, tends to overestimate rather than underestimate vertical mixing in seasonally ice-covered seas. Similar to other mixing schemes with the same behaviour, this leads to spurious open ocean deep convection, an unrealistic homogenization of the water column, and a significant reduction of sea ice volume. 相似文献
9.
From the experimental studies in recent years, it has become known that when a wave breaks directly on a vertical faced coastal structure, high magnitude impact pressures are produced. The theoretical and experimental studies show that the dynamic response of such structures under wave impact loading is closely dependent on the magnitude and duration of the load history. The dynamic analysis and design of a coastal structure can be succeeded provided the design load history for the wave impact is available. Since these types of data are very scarce, it is much more convenient to follow a method which is based on static analysis for the dynamic design procedure. Therefore, to facilitate the dynamic design of a vertical plate that is exposed to breaking wave impact, a multiplication factor called “dynamic magnification factor” is herein presented which is defined as the ratio of the maximum value of the dynamic response to that found by static analysis. The computational results of the present study show that the dynamic magnification factor is a useful ratio to transfer the results of static analysis to the dynamic design of a coastal plate for the maximum impact pressure conditions of pmax/γH0≤18. 相似文献
10.