板弯曲弹塑性分析拟协调元

本文从拟协调元列式出发，建立板弯曲弹塑性分析单元，给出了分层和不分层的板弹塑性问题的Ｔｒｅｓｃａ屈服准则下，由切线刚度法进行求解的方法。     

Effect of degree of saturation on mechanical behaviour of unsaturated soils and its elastoplastic simulation

The two stress-state variable approach has been widely used in interpreting unsaturated soil behaviour. However this approach cannot take into account the effect of degree of saturation or water contents on the stress–strain behaviour and strength of unsaturated soils. The triaxial test results presented in this paper show that even if the same path of net stress and suction is followed, the stress–strain relation and strength are different due to different degrees of saturation. When other conditions are the same, the higher the degree of saturation for the soil sample is, the higher the stress ratio corresponding to a given axial strain will be. This effect can be modeled by using an elasto-plastic constitutive model coupling hydraulic and mechanical behaviour of unsaturated soils. Comparisons between the predicted and measured results are presented, which demonstrate that the model can quantitatively simulate the influence of the degree of saturation on stress–strain behaviour and strength of unsaturated soils.     

Method of deformation analysis for composite structures of soils and masonry stones

The coupled numerical manifold method (NMM) and discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) are enhanced to simulate deformations of continuous soil and discontinuous masonry structures. An elasto-plastic NMM-DDA is formulated that incorporates elasto-plastic constitutive laws into incremental forms of the equation of motion. A node-based uniform strain element is applied to avoid volumetric locking, which often occurs in conventional NMM-DDA. The proposed method is applied to three fundamental boundary value problems: a beam bending problem, a bearing capacity problem of a footing, and a bearing capacity problem of a masonry structure. The method is verified through comparisons with conventional solutions.     

基础提离及桥墩弹塑性对结构地震反应影响的研究

浅平基桥墩在承受强震作用时其基础与地基之间会发生提离,地基土会进入塑性状态。同时,当结构遭遇设防烈度地震或罕遇地震时,结构往往处于非线性状态,这都会导致桥梁的严重破坏。本文以兰州小西湖黄河大桥为工程背景,采用场地超越概率为10%人工地震波,研究了在弹塑性Winkler地基上同时考虑桥墩塑性时的结构地震反应。通过非线性时程反应分析得到:考虑地基和桥墩的非线性使得桥墩墩顶的位移增大,墩底弯矩减小,这对保护桥墩是有利的;同时得到,小西湖黄河大桥当遭遇罕遇地震(大震)时桥墩已进入屈服,但其屈服曲率不到破坏曲率的1/2,该桥能够满足“小震不坏、中震可修、大震不倒”的设计目标。     

An edge-based smoothed point interpolation method for elasto-plastic coupled hydro-mechanical analysis of saturated porous media

An edge-based smoothed point interpolation method is adopted for coupled hydro-mechanical analysis of saturated porous media with elasto-plastic behaviour. A novel approach for the evaluation of the coupling matrix of the porous media is adopted. Stress integration is performed using the substepping method, and the modified Newton-Raphson approach is utilised to address the nonlinearities arising from the elasto-plastic constitutive model used in the formulation. Numerical examples are studied and the results are compared with analytical solutions and those obtained from the conventional finite element method (FEM) to evaluate the performance of the proposed model.     

Effects of cross-anisotropic soil behaviour on the wave-induced residual liquefaction in the vicinity of pipeline buried in elasto-plastic seabed foundations

In this paper, a two-dimensional integrated numerical model is developed to examine the influences of cross-anisotropic soil behaviour on the wave-induced residual liquefaction in the vicinity of a pipeline buried in a porous seabed. In the wave model, the RANS (Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes) equation is used to govern the wave motion. In the seabed model, the residual soil response in the vicinity of an embedded pipeline is considered with the 2-D elasto-plastic solution, where the phase-resolved shear stress is used as a source for the build-up of residual pore pressure. Classical Biot׳s consolidation equation is used for linking the solid-pore fluid interaction. The validation of the proposed integrated numerical model is conducted by the comparisons with the previous experimental data. Numerical examples show that the pore pressures can accumulate to a large value, thus resulting in a larger area of liquefaction potential in the given anisotropic soil compared to that with isotropic solution. The influences of anisotropic parameters on the wave-induced residual soil response in the vicinity of pipeline are significant. A high rate of pore pressure accumulation and dissipation is observed and the liquefaction potential develops faster as the anisotropic parameters increase. Finally, a simplified approximation based on a detailed parametric investigations is proposed for the evaluation of maximum liquefaction depth (z_L) in engineering application.     

运用Hoek-Brown经验准则分析圆形硐室围岩弹塑性应力和位移

Hoek-Brown经验准则能够较容易地用来估计节理岩体的强度,在岩石工程界已得到广泛的应用和认可。只要用定量指标合理地描述岩体质量,就可确定岩体的强度,因此Hoek-Brown经验准则为通过岩体质量评分评价岩体稳定性架起了一座桥梁,并对需要采取的加固支护措施提出建议。地下硐室开挖后改变了岩体的初始应力状态,围岩应力产生应力重分布现象。当硐室周边围岩应力状态超过岩体弹性极限状态而进入塑性状态时,塑性区内岩体的应力满足极限平衡条件。本文简单回顾了当侧压力系数为1时,圆形硐室围岩的弹性应力和位移,在此基础上以Hoek-Brown经验准则为极限平衡条件,得到圆形硐室轴对称平面应变问题的围岩弹塑性应力和位移的分析解。     

Numerical analysis of nonlinear soil–pile group interaction under lateral loads

A nonlinear p–y element was provided which can simply model the behavior of a pile group foundation subjected to lateral loading. Its elasto-plastic side soil is expressed as a Winkler-type distributed model. Despite the simplification involved in modeling such a complex phenomenon the proposed nonlinear soil model can reproduce the system behavior as computed by more rigorous 3D finite element methods. The numerical results are also compared with those from available physical model data to confirm that our simulations can predict the behavior of pile groups with good accuracy.     

Quantification of soil non-linearity based on simulation

Recent earthquake studies have demonstrated that non-linear behavior of soft soil can be significant compared to other effects affecting seismic motion. Therefore, the question is to know when sediment non-linearity is a first-order effect and when it is not. In this study, we propose a method for quantifying non-linear effects based on simulations. An elasto-plastic model is used to simulate the behavior of four materials (sands and clays). For each computation, the non-linearity is quantified by the use of a ‘non-linear parameter’ and compared to four non-linearity indicators. These computations suggest that the efficiency of an indicator depends on the nature of the soil underlying the recorder and that the most efficient indicator should be based on the high frequencies content rather than on the resonant frequency changes.     

Three dimensional Finite Element modeling of seismic soil–structure interaction in soft soil

Earthquakes in regions underlain by soft clay have amply demonstrated the detrimental effects of soil–structure interaction (SSI) in such settings. This paper describes a new three dimensional Finite Element model utilizing linear elastic single degree of freedom (SDOF) structure and a nonlinear elasto-plastic constitutive model for soil behavior in order to capture the nonlinear foundation–soil coupled response under seismic loadings. Results from an experimental SSI centrifuge test were used to verify the reliability of the numerical model followed by parametric studies to evaluate performance of linear elastic structures underlain by soft saturated clay. The results of parametric study demonstrate that rigid slender (tall) structures are highly susceptible to the SSI effects including alteration of natural frequency, foundation rocking and excessive base shear demand. Structure–foundation stiffness and aspect ratios were found to be crucial parameters controlling coupled foundation–structure performance in flexible-base structures. Furthermore, frequency content of input motion, site response and structure must be taken into account to avoid occurrence of resonance problem.