Multiparametric Traveltime Inversion

In conventional seismic processing, the classical algorithm of Hubral and Krey is routinely applied to extract an initial macrovelocity model that consists of a stack of homogeneous layers bounded by curved interfaces. Input for the algorithm are identified primary reflections together with normal moveout (NMO) velocities, as derived from a previous velocity analysis conducted on common midpoint (CMP) data. This work presents a modified version of the Hubral and Krey algorithm that is designed to extend the original version in two ways, namely (a) it makes an advantageous use of previously obtained common-reflection-surface (CRS) attributes as its input and (b) it also allows for gradient layer velocities in depth. A new strategy to recover interfaces as optimized cubic splines is also proposed. Some synthetic examples are provided to illustrate and explain the implementation of the method.     

Vast amount of accommodation space controlled evolution of a continuous Pliocene–Pleistocene mixed cool-water carbonate-siliciclastic prograding wedge in the Bay of Oran (Western Mediterranean)

The Bay of Oran is part of the northern Algerian continental margin, located in the Western Mediterranean Sea between Europe and northern Africa. A regional terrace in ca. 320 m water depth described in earlier studies and a second deeper located one (∼1200 m water depth) provide an unusually vast amount of accommodation space for an observed prograding wedge. Seismo-stratigraphic interpretation of high-resolution reflection seismic data show different phases of mixed cool-water carbonate-siliciclastic deposition: (Ia) Initial aggradation with low dipping foreset deposition during early-Pliocene relative sea-level highstand. (Ib) Deposition transitions to progradation when aggradation reaches the base level. (IIa) Once progradation reaches the shelf break, terrace deposition is reduced to coarse fraction foreset deposits until it ceases entirely. (IIb) Finer sediments are bypassed and start to aggrade on the lower slope terrace until deposits reach the shelf terrace depth. (III) Due to accommodation space prolongation progradation recommences. Phase IIa and phase III deposits are separated by a hiatus. A drop in mean sea-level during the mid-Pleistocene will have caused the base level to fall below the upper strata, hence causing some reworking and redeposition. However, sea-level variations are not considered to be a main controlling factor of the depositional sequences. The evolution of this continuous Pliocene–Pleistocene mixed cool-water carbonate-siliciclastic prograding wedge is instead attributed to the controlling factor of this unusually vast amount of accommodation space. In closest proximity to the sea-floor, sparse recent sedimentation in form of 5–10 m thick sediment lobes can be observed in subbottom profiler data only. From a tectonic point of view, a prolongation of the Yusuf Fault into the survey area though expected by other authors could not be supported with the available dataset.     

共反射面元叠加技术在南海北部莺—琼盆地中的应用

随着莺—琼盆地油气勘探开发的不断深入,2 700m以下的中深层地震资料品质迫切需要提高,而改善信噪比提高成像质量则是需要深入研究的重点内容之一。基于共反射面元(CRS)叠加在改善中深层地震资料信噪比方面具有理论和技术应用优势,由于考虑了反射层的局部特征和第一菲涅耳带内的全部反射,对复杂地质问题的适应性得以增强,真正实现了高信噪比叠加,从而改善中深层低信噪比区的成像质量。通过理论研究分析、模型试处理及莺—琼盆地实际地震资料处理中具体的应用与试验,取得了明显的效果,即该区中深层地震资料信噪比显著增强,大大提高了解释的可靠程度。总之,共反射面元叠加技术在莺—琼盆地具有较高的推广应用价值。     

有明黏土各向异性固结特性的试验研究

由于大多数黏土矿物是片状的,在沉积和随后的固结过程中黏土颗粒和组构单元趋向水平定向排列,使天然沉积黏土呈现各向异性的固结特性。通过垂直切和水平切试样的恒应变速率固结试验研究了日本有明黏土的各向异性固结特性。试验结果表明,水平切试样的先期固结压力pch与垂直切试样的先期固结压力pcv的比值在0.5～1.0之间,主要是因为天然沉积黏土各向异性的屈服轨迹以及垂直切和水平切试样所经历的应力路径不同;在正常固结阶段,水平切试样的固结系数ch与垂直切试样的固结系数cv之比约为1.43,水平切试样的渗透系数kh与垂直切试样的渗透系数kv之比约为1.40,水平切试样的体积压缩系数mh与垂直切试样的体积压缩系数mv基本相等。因此,有明黏土固结系数的各向异性主要是因为渗透系数的各向异性,而渗透系数的各向异性本质上是因为其微观结构的各向异性。     

共反射面元叠加的应用实践

共反射面元（Common Reflection Surface）叠加是一种不依赖于宏观速度模型的零炮检距剖面成像方法,实现共反射面元叠加依赖于3个波场属性参数的确定,它们分别是零偏移距射线的出射角α、Normal波和Normal Incident Point波出射到地表的波前曲率半径RN和RNIP. 在CRS叠加的理论基础上,本文阐述如何在实际数据上实现CRS叠加. 首先,通过简洁的一维相关性分析在常规叠加剖面上找到对应该共反射面元的一组初始波场属性参数(α,RN,RNIP),然后在对应的叠前数据上应用最优化算法对这组参数进行优化处理,相比初始属性参数,优化后的属性参数能够更好地聚集来自地下反射层的能量,最后应用优化后的属性参数实现最优CRS叠加.     

二维菲涅耳带共反射面元叠加方法研究

大量研究证明CRS叠加能提高地震勘探的信噪比,但是能否提高分辨率的关键在于如何确定CRS叠加孔径.本文详细探讨了地震波反射过程中菲涅耳带的特征,认为起伏地形下菲涅耳带可以采用椭圆予以近似,在此基础上提出了一种通过菲涅耳带来确定CRS叠加孔径的方法,并应用于泌阳凹陷陡坡带的地震剖面.结果表明,由于菲涅耳带确定的叠加范围使地震信号的能量达到最佳,相对于CMP叠加,菲涅耳带CRS叠加同时提高了地震资料的信噪比和分辨率,特别显示了中深部较弱的地震信息,而常规的CRS叠加则只在于提高资料的信噪比和改善浅部的地震信息.     

复杂地表条件下共反射面元(CRS)叠加方法研究

在地表地形复杂的情况下,静校正不易做好,这是制约山地资料处理质量的一个很重要的因素.复杂地表共反射面元（CRS）叠加不需对叠前数据做静校正,而且在得到叠加剖面后可以利用叠加得到的波场参数剖面实现基准面重建.地震数据的试算表明,复杂地表CRS叠加得出的剖面与常规处理剖面相比有着较高的信噪比和同相轴连续性.与水平地表CRS叠加不同的是,在复杂地表CRS叠加的时距公式中,波场三参数耦合,难以通过简化CRS道集的方法将它们全部分离并逐个优化.引入模拟退火算法后,有效地解决了这一组合优化的难题.     

Radionuclide dating(~(210)Pb,~(137)Cs) of recent inter-dune saline lake sediment cores in the Badain Jaran Desert,Inner Mongolia,Northwest China

正Inter-dune lake sediment cores are ideal and unavailable materials for study climate and environmental changes of arid region.The precious dating of lake sediment cores is required for carrying out high resolution climate and environmental changes with these cores.The Badain Jaran inter-dune lake group embedding in the sand sea is the     

Non‐hyperbolic common reflection surface

The method of common reflection surface (CRS) extends conventional stacking of seismic traces over offset to multidimensional stacking over offset‐midpoint surfaces. We propose a new form of the stacking surface, derived from the analytical solution for reflection traveltime from a hyperbolic reflector. Both analytical comparisons and numerical tests show that the new approximation can be significantly more accurate than the conventional CRS approximation at large offsets or at large midpoint separations while using essentially the same parameters.