Preliminary results of measuring the crustal deformation in Qinghai-Xizang area using GPS technique

GPS repetition measurement tbta in Qinghai-Xizatlg (Tibetan) area in 1992 and 1994 have been used to determine the change rates of seven bascline vectors of Lhasa-Wenquan, etc. It is the first time to obtain the direct observation results of the large-scale crustal horizontal motions in this area. Thesc preliminary results also for the first time provide the direct observation evidence for some important geophysical and geological viewpoints, such as the northward gradual reduce of the effect of the northward push-pressing to Eurasian continent by Indian Plate in the Qinghai-Xizang area, having a southward strike slip movement of the Chuan-Dian diamond block, etc.     

GPS RTK技术在地籍测量中的应用

主要介绍了GPS RTK技术在地籍平面测量中应用的基本方法、思路及一些注意事项,使该技术在地籍测量中能够得到成熟而广泛的应用.     

地震4.0——新一代智能地震技术体系SCPS

2006年美国国家科学基金会NSF首次提出CPS(Cyber-Physical Systems,CPS)概念。本文借助CPS概念、架构、特征,在对地震技术体系演进过程分析研究的基础上,提出构建地震4.0——新一代智能地震技术体系SCPS(Seismic–Cyber–Physical Systems)的创新理念,并对地震4.0的内涵、架构、平台和关键技术进行阐述和论证,期望推进地震技术体系的进一步发展。     

Performance of Convective Parameterization Schemes in Asia Using RegCM:Simulations in Three Typical Regions for the Period 1998–2002

This study discusses the sensitivity of convective parameterization schemes(CPSs) in the Regional Climate Model(version 4.3)(Reg CM4.3) over East/South Asia. The simulations using different CPSs in Reg CM are compared to discover a suitable scheme for this region, as the performance of different schemes is greatly influenced by region and seasonality. Over Southeast China and the Bay of Bengal, the Grell scheme exhibits the lowest RMSEs of summer precipitation compared to observed data. Moreover, the Emanuel over land and Grell over ocean(ELGO) scheme enhances the simulation, in comparison with any single CPS(Grell/Emanuel) over Western Ghats, Sri Lanka, and Southeast India. Over the Huang–Huai–Hai Plain(3H) and Tibetan Plateau(TP) regions of China, the Tiedtke scheme simulates the more reasonable summer precipitation with high correlation coefficient and comparable amplitude. Especially, it reproduces a minimum convective precipitation bias of 8 mm d-1and the lowest RMSEs throughout the year over East/South Asia. Furthermore, for seasonal variation of precipitation, the Tiedtke scheme results are closer to the observed data over the 3H and TP regions. However, none of the CPSs is able to simulate the seasonal variation over North Pakistan(NP). In comparison with previous research, the results of this study support the Grell scheme over South Asia. However, the Tiedtke scheme shows superiority for the 3H, TP and NP regions. The thicker PBL, less surface latent heat flux, the unique ability of deep convection and the entrainment process in the Tiedtke scheme are responsible for reducing the wet bias.     

Sensitivity of Precipitation over China to Different Cumulus Parameterization Schemes in RegCM4

The effect of different cumulus parameterization schemes(CPSs) on precipitation over China is investigated by using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics(ICTP) Regional Climate Model version 4.3(Reg CM-4.3) coupled with the land surface model BATS1e(Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme version1e). The ERA-interim data are utilized to drive a group of simulations over a 31-yr period from September1982 to December 2012. Two typically sensitive regions, i.e., the eastern Tibetan Plateau(TP; 29°–38°N,90°–100°E) and eastern China(EC; 26°–32°N, 110°–120°E), are focused on. The results show that all the CPSs have well reproduced the spatial distribution of annual precipitation in China. The simulation with the Emanuel scheme shows an overall overestimation of precipitation in China, different from the other three CPSs which only overestimate over northern and northwestern China but underestimate over southern China. Seasonally, the Tiedtke scheme shows the smallest overestimation in winter and summer, and the best simulation of the annual variance of precipitation. Interannual variations of precipitation among the four CPSs are generally simulated better in summer than in winter, and better for entire China than in the subregions of TP and EC. The precipitation trend is simulated better over EC than over TP, and better in summer than in winter. An overestimate(underestimate) of the East Asian summer monsoon index(EASMI) exists in the simulations with the Grell and the Emanuel(the Kuo and the Tiedtke) schemes.The smallest EASMI bias in the Tiedtke simulation could explain its small precipitation bias. A negative correlation between the EASMI and summer precipitation over the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River is found in the Grell and the Emanuel simulations, but was missed by the simulations using the Kuo and the Tiedtke schemes.     

CPS法对影响江苏台风的适用性研究

利用NCEP FNL 1°×1°再分析资料、江苏省地面自动站资料以及长三角地区新一代天气雷达资料,使用气旋相空间法(CPS)对2000—2015年影响江苏台风的相空间参数进行统计分析。经过和台风年鉴比对,CPS法能较为客观准确地描述各类路径影响江苏台风的变性过程,而结果表明:影响江苏的台风发生变性的多为登陆北上、变性前强度较强的台风。进一步分析台风"海葵"和"麦德姆"两个CPS轨迹不同的台风相空间参数,发现其参数轨迹能较好地反映台风变性过程中的热力结构和环流特征演变,与台风降水的落区和强度有一定关联,CPS参数变化明显的"海葵",台风降水范围和强度变化较大,参数变化较小的"麦德姆",降水基本位于台风本体周边。     

海底管线GIS管理系统设计与实现

为便于石油和天然气运输,人们在海底布设了大量的管道,为了监测管线的稳定性,需要利用多波束、GPS定位、侧扫声纳和浅地层剖面等系统等对管线及其周围水域的水深、地貌、地质情况进行定期测量,这些信息对于分析管线的稳定性、管线的维护、维修、更新以及后续的开发监测等均具有重要的作用,为了有效地管理这些信息,本文从多源数据库的构建、海底地形的可视化、管线时空分析模型的构建几个方面展开研究,研制了海底管线GIS管理系统。目前,该系统已经在中国某海域的海底输油管线管理中得到了实际应用,成功实现了海量海底管线调查数据的高效管理和三维可视化,为海底管线数据安全状况的科学评估提供了极具价值的辅助决策信息。     

GPS在军事后勤保障中的应用

现代信息化战争要求后勤保障准确、快速、安全、可控,而GPS正是能够帮助后勤保障满足这些要求的有力手段之一。GPS在军事后勤保障中有着广泛的应用前景,既能够提高后勤运输保障效能,又能保持运输保障与作战部队的保障需求协调一致,它必将成为未来信息化战争的关键性技术。本文着重从GPS在军事后勤保障的应用入手,首先介绍GPS的组成和特点,然后分析GPS对军事后勤保障的影响作用、具体应用和主要特点,最后指出GPS目前在我国军事领域应用的局限性,并提出相应的几点建议。     

JMA/MRI-CPS2模式对东亚夏季风系统预测能力的评估

基于东京气候中心提供的新一代气候预测业务模式(JMA/MRI-CPS2)回报数据,综合多种评估方法,评估了其对于东亚夏季风的预测技巧,结果表明该模式能够模拟出气候场上主要降水中心和夏季风主要成员的位置,但存在明显的系统性偏差。对于年际变率的预测,泰勒图分析结果表明,该模式对夏季风指数预测效果总体较好,对于副热带高压指数中的面积、强度和西伸脊点指数预测能力较好,但对于脊线南北位置指数的预测效果较差;分月来看,4和5月起报结果的技巧相对更高。MV-EOF分析的结果表明模式较为准确地把握住了东亚夏季风主要模态的空间分布,滞后相关分析的结果表明其第一模态反映出了厄尔尼诺衰减的影响,第二模态反映出了厄尔尼诺发展的影响,合成分析的结果也显示,模式能够反映出厄尔尼诺发展的不同位相下东亚季风环流响应的差异。这些分析表明该模式对于东亚季风区的预测具有一定技巧,可以作为每年汛期气候预测的有益参考。     

GPS、VLBI和SLR确定地心坐标的精度分析

为评价GPS、VLBI和SLR这3种空间技术确定地心坐标的真正实现精度,我们把3种技术在并置站上的地心坐标进行了相互比较。经过偏心改正和7个参数的转换后,可获得任意2种技术地心坐标不符值的加权中误差,以此作为外符精度。可以看出,VLBI与GPS地心坐标三分量的外符精度在1cm之内,SLR与VLBI和GPS地心坐标三分量的外符精度在1～3cm之间。表明VLBI和CPS实现的地心坐标精度比SLR高一些,已达毫米级。