塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地黑碳气溶胶浓度

利用2006年3月-2007年2月塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中气象站黑碳测量仪的观测数据,结合同期PM₁₀、能见度及常规气象观测资料,分析了沙漠地区大气中黑碳气溶胶浓度的变化特征及其影响因子。结果表明：观测期间黑碳浓度小时平均值为1.81±1.58 μg·m^-3,日平均浓度为1.72±0.85 μg·m^-3,区域本底值为0.78 μg·m^-3;日变化呈单峰,与其他地区的双峰、三峰型不同;季节变化特征明显,春、冬季黑碳浓度较高,秋季较低,春季大量沙尘增加了气溶胶的吸收特性,黑碳测量仪观测的黑碳浓度要高于近地面大气中实际的黑碳浓度;黑碳浓度小时平均值与风速呈显著非线性相关,不同风向下黑碳浓度水平有较明显的差异,该地区黑碳浓度的变化与盛行风向上来自污染较严重地区的气团输送有关,并且受局地沙尘和排放源的影响。     

2003年秋季西安大气中黑碳气溶胶的演化特征及其来源解析

2003年9～11月在西安站点通过黑碳测量仪(Aethlometer)获得了大气细粒子中每5 min的黑碳气溶胶(BC)浓度,这些实时的BC浓度经过元素碳校对后,日平均浓度为10.2±5.8μg·m-3,其变化范围为1.8～27.5μg·m-3.BC浓度与污染指数(API)的变化具有良好的一致性(相关系数为0.64),表明BC是大气颗粒物污染的一个重要贡献.正常天气下,BC小时平均浓度呈三峰分布,这与机动车污染、居民活动和农村秸秆燃烧等来源相关联.通过降水天气下BC的浓度分布和BC浓度频次分布法,获得了西安大气中BC的本底浓度为4.5μg·m-3,以此估算了西安大气BC中不同来源的相对贡献,其中周边源对BC的贡献超过了1/3.这表明了该季节内城市周边农村秸秆燃烧对城市空气质量的显著贡献,需要进一步严格控制.     

Surface aerosol measurements at Barrow during AGASP-II

Measurements at Barrow during the second Arctic Gas and Aerosol Sampling Program (AGASP-II), conducted in April 1986, showed no rapid long-range transport from lower-latitude source regions to Barrow, and only limited vertical transport from above the boundary layer to the surface. New aerosol size distribution measurements in the 0.005–0.1 m diameter size range using a Nuclepore-filter diffusion battery apparatus showed a median diameter of about 0.01 m during times of high condensation nucleus (CN) concentrations. Aerosol black carbon concentrations exceeding 400 ng m^–3 were detected at the surface and were more strongly correlated with CN concentrations than with aerosol scattering extinction (_sp), suggesting that aerosol carbon was generally associated with small particles rather than large particles. Measurements at Barrow during AGASP-I, conducted in March–April 1983, showed a series of aerosol events detected at the ground that were caused by rapid long-range transport paths to the vicinity of Barrow from Eurasia. These events were strongly correlated with aerosol loading in the vertical column (optical depth).