华北平原地下水年龄校正

地下水14C年龄一般指地下水和土壤CO2隔绝至今的年代.地下水测年在地下水水文学中占有特殊的位置,地下水测年可以用来确定补给区,估算地下水流速度、流量、补给速率、水力传导系数和有效孔L隙度,而且年龄数据还可以用来完善地下水流模型.本研究选择华北平原为重点研究区,利用地下水中的同位素和化学组分的测试结果,应用水文地球化学及同位素水文学等相关知识,通过六种传统模型和反向质量平衡模型(NETPATH)对华北平原地下水年龄进行校正.根据年龄校正结果,分析了深层地下水的年龄变化特点,确定了水流路径上发生的水文地球化     

Influence of Climate Change on Winter Wheat Growth in North China During 1950-2000

1. IntroductionChinese agriculture has undergone tremendousstructural changes over the last decades. The averagestaple crop productivity has doubled in 25 yr while thepopulation increased by 25 % [China Statistical Year-book (CSY), 2003]. Winter wheat is one of China'smost important staple food crops, with a total farm-ing area of nearly 24 million hectares and a produc-tion exceeding 92 million ton in 2002 (CSY, 2003).Although China has been the world's largest wheatproducer since 1983 (…     

华北冬小麦-夏玉米两熟区干旱特征分析

研究华北冬小麦一夏玉米主要生长季的干旱时空特征,可为全球气候变暖背景下制定抗旱减灾对策提供理论依据。利用华北5省（市）64个气象台站1961-2010年逐日降水资料,以降水负距平或降水量表征的干旱指标,通过经验正交分解法提取了冬小麦、夏玉米全生育期和关键生长阶段的特征向量和时间系数,分析了干旱频率、站次比及干旱强度的变化特征,并通过构建冬小麦-夏玉米轮作期综合干旱指数,探讨了华北地区农业干旱的总体状况。结果表明：EOF分解的前4个模态提取了60％以上作物干旱的主要时空分布信息,冬小麦主要生长季收敛效果优于夏玉米;冬小麦全生育期、苗期及拔节-抽穗期干旱的高强度中心主要分布在冀中南、豫北及鲁西北地区,而灌浆-成熟期干旱则以豫东为中心;夏玉米全生育期干旱的高强度中心主要位于冀南和鲁北地区,初夏旱以冀北大部为高强度区,而卡脖旱以豫西和鲁南为高强度区。从时间系数和区域干旱强度及站次比的时间变化趋势看,冬小麦全生育期干旱、灌浆-成熟期干旱及夏玉米初夏旱、卡脖旱均表现为递减趋势,但未通过显著性检验,而冬小麦播种期、拔节-抽穗期干旱,以及夏玉米全生育期干旱为不显著的递增趋势。整个冬小麦-夏玉米轮作期干旱威胁较高的地区主要位于京津局部、冀中南、豫北和鲁北等地区。     

The Cloud Processes of a Simulated Moderate Snowfall Event in North China

The understanding of the cloud processes of snowfall is essential to the artificial enhancement of snow and the numerical simulation of snowfall. The mesoscale model MM5 is used to simulate a moderate snowfall event in North China that occurred during 20–21 December 2002. Thirteen experiments are performed to test the sensitivity of the simulation to the cloud physics with different cumulus parameterization schemes and different options for the Goddard cloud microphysics parameterization schemes. It is shown that the cumulus parameterization scheme has little to do with the simulation result. The results also show that there are only four classes of water substances, namely the cloud water, cloud ice, snow, and vapor, in the simulation of the moderate snowfall event. The analysis of the cloud microphysics budgets in the explicit experiment shows that the condensation of supersaturated vapor, the depositional growth of cloud ice, the initiation of cloud ice, the accretion of cloud ice by snow, the accretion of cloud water by snow, the deposition growth of snow, and the Bergeron process of cloud ice are the dominant cloud microphysical processes in the simulation. The accretion of cloud water by snow and the deposition growth of the snow are equally important in the development of the snow.