Numerical simulation for the coupling effect of local atmospheric circulations over the area of Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei Province

Using the model system MM5.V3 and multi-layer grid nesting technique, we have done a multi-scale numerical simulation over the area of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei Province to analyze the temperature and wind field there and study its local circulations. The results show a coupling effect of Urban Heat Island Circulation (UHIC), Mountain Valley Breeze (MVB) and Sea Land Breeze (SLB) occurs in this area when the synoptic system is weak. The SLB can penetrate deep into the mainland for about 200 km when it is blooming. MVB can extend to south and cover almost the whole plain area in Beijing. Both MVB and SLB are diurnal periodical; meanwhile the phase of MVB drops behind that of SLB for about six hours. As a local circulation, the UHIC weakens the two circulations above, and it also has a diurnal period. As a result, the coupling effect of circulations reveals not only different features in spring-summer period and autumn-winter period in a year but also the difference between early morning to noonday and afternoon to night in a day. We noted the diffusion of contamination over the area around Beijing, and found the steady presence of a transport routine of contamination over North-China throughout the year caused by the Coupling Effect mentioned above. This find is important for studying the environment pollution in this area. Supported by Central Public Welfare Special Fund Program for the Institute and Higher Education (Grant No. IUMKY200701), Public Welfare Special Fund Program (Meteorology) of China Scientific and Technological Ministry (Grant Nos. CYHY20080620, CYHY200706004), Spread New Technology Program of China Meteorological Administration (Grant No. CMATG2007M15) and Urban Meteorology Scientific Research Fund Program of the Institute of Beijing Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration (Grant No. UMRF200702)     

Numerical study of the effects of urban heat island on the characteristic features of the sea breeze circulation

A two-dimensional numerical model is employed to study the effect of the coastal urban heat island on the sea breeze front and the thermal internal boundary layer height. The temperature at the land surface is determined by solving an energy budget equation. The effect of the urban heat island is studied by varying the width of the region and its intensity. During the early afternoon, the presence of the urban heat island enhances the strength of convergence of the sea breeze front and also reduces its inland penetration. The presence of the urban heat island causes increased thermal internal boundary layer height. Larger urban width causes larger vertical velocity and higher thermal internal boundary layer. Stronger convergence and higher thermal internal boundary layer are also obtained in case of larger heat island intensity.     

Mesoscale Wind Field Modifications over the Baltic Sea

For two consecutive days during spring 1997, the windfield over the Baltic Sea has been studied. Thestrength of the geostrophic wind speed is the majordifference in synoptic conditions between these twodays. During both days, the mesoscale wind field overmost of the Baltic Sea is quite heterogeneous; themodifications primarily being caused by the land-seacontrasts. On the day with the weaker wind speed,sea-breeze circulations develop. As a consequence, thewind direction at lower levels is more or lessopposite to the geostrophic over large areas of theBaltic Sea and the surface wind speed decreases withoffshore distance. Wind speed maxima caused by the seabreezes are found along the east coasts in the studiedarea. For the other day, the slow growth of a stableinternal boundary layer over the sea also gives asurface wind speed decrease with offshore distancefrom the coast.     

植被对山谷风环流形成与演变过程影响的数值试验

本文利用三维土壤－植被－大气耦合的区域气候模式模拟分析植被覆盖状地山谷风环流形成与演变过程的影响。结果表明，植被覆盖状况不仅影响风速大小和环流强弱经，而且对环流的形成和维持也有很大影响。植被覆盖度越大，山谷风环流形成时间越滞后，风速越小，环流强度越弱，维持时间越短。     

2022北京冬季奥运会冬季两项赛场山谷风现象初探

基于2019年1—3月张家口站探空资料与张家口市崇礼区B1638、B1640区域自动站的每小时2分钟平均风向、2分钟平均风速、整点气温及系留气艇探空资料分析第24届冬奥会冬季两项赛场的山谷风特征，为冬奥会天气预报提供参考。结果表明：环境风场较弱时，冬季两项赛场中存在山谷风现象，白天多上坡风及上谷风，夜间多下坡风及下谷风；山谷风系统一天具有两次风向的转变，下谷风转上谷风一般在日出后，而上谷风转下谷风一般在日落后；山谷风系统强度较弱，具有明显日变化，白天偏大而夜间偏小，并且受盛行西风影响明显；风向转变时，会伴随剧烈的气温升降，其原因与冷湖结构密切相关；对山谷风的预报需要综合考虑环境风场强弱、风向的转换时间、风速的分布、风向转换时气温的变化等。