REVIEWS OF GEOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE

Reviews of geographic software in this article: DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS. ESP GAUSS. CEMODEL S. Damus LIMDEP. William H. Greene MICROSTAT 4.1 OTIS PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System) . H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein. REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS) SPSS/PC+ URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

山西地震综合数据处理系统

《山西地震综合数据处理系统》是遵循《国家地震局数据库技术规范》,以PDP-11/23~+小型机与IBM/PC联机为硬件支撑,以网状型数据库为核心,含前期处理、库管理、数据检索、科学计算、分析会商5个子系统的较大型应用软件系统。具有对数据进行收集、录入、预处理、存储、管理、加工及应用等功能。整个系统通过总控菜单程序实现了异种机间上百个模块的调度,使查询-处理一体化。该系统把地震数据库、日常监测数据处理、专家地震预报系统有机地衔接于一体,可直接服务于地震科研和震情会商。该系统的建设是山西省重大科技攻关项目,也是国家地震局的合同制项目。     

基于“配料”的梅雨锋强降水预报方法

在梅雨锋暴雨预报中应用“配料法”，通过降水量的基本公式解释了强降水形成的基本配料，给出了建立配料的基本步骤，同时，通过一次暴雨个例分析，具体阐述了“配料法”在梅雨锋暴雨预报中的应用。结果表明，基于暴雨等强对流天气形成物理机理认识的基础上，所选取的可降水量等动力、热力因子与暴雨有着较好的对应关系，通过分析以上关键物理因子建立的过程，可以给出暴雨潜势预报。     

SOFTWARE REVIEWS

Software Reviews are in this Article CCS Designer Version 3.0. CoStat Version 3.03; CoPlot Version 1.03, and CoDraw Version 1.03. LASERCAD Version 5.0. 1988. SPSS/PC + Studentware. 1988. SURVEY SYSTEM 1.1C , Version 3.0. THEMAPS Version 1.0.     

SOFTWARE REVIEWS

software reviews are in this article BMDP/PC CONCEPTS COMPUTERIZED ATLAS EVALUATION OF ALTERNATE PROPOSALS (EAP) EXTRA: EXPRESS TRANSIT ANALYSIS MATC CAD MOTORS TRANSPORTATION PACKAGE PCMAP: Thematic Mapping Software for the IBM Personal Computer, Version 2.3 PLACE TRANPLAN . US-ATLAS     

中国区域植树造林对地表温度的影响

近些年随着中国植树造林计划的持续进行,植被覆盖不断增长,进而影响中国地表环境。地表温度是表征地表物理过程的重要参数,是地表—大气能量交换中的驱动因子,广泛应用于气候、水文、生态及气象等研究中,是众多基础学科研究的关键参数之一。为了分析植树造林战略对局地和区域尺度的影响,以指导相应政策的制定,本文采用IBM（Intrinsic Biophysical Mechanism）方法研究了中国区域植树造林对地表温度的影响,并讨论了辐射效应与非辐射效应以及不同林地类型对地表温度的影响。结果表明：（1）植树造林对地表温度的影响在高纬度地区的寒冷季节表现为增温作用,而在温暖季节各纬度均表现为降温作用。（2）寒冷季节高纬度地区植树造林对地表温度的辐射效应较为强烈,而在其他季节各纬度植树造林对地表温度的非辐射效应占主导作用,辐射效应较为微弱。（3）开阔地转为林地时,不同林地类型对地表温度有不同的影响特征。开阔地转为落叶阔叶林时对地表温度的影响与植树造林对地表温度的总体影响变化具有相似特征,表现为在寒冷季节高纬度地区为增温作用,在低纬度地区均表现为降温作用,开阔地转为常绿针叶林、常绿阔叶林时对地表温度的影响均表现为降温作用。     

One Million Years tephra record at IODP Sites U1436 and U1437: Insights into explosive volcanism from the Japan and Izu arcs

The 1 Myr tephra records of IODP (International Ocean Discovery Program) Holes U1436A and U1437B in the Izu‐Bonin fore‐ and reararc were investigated in order to assess provenance and eruptive volumes, respectively. In total, 304 tephra samples were examined and 260 primary tephra layers were identified. Tephra provenance was determined by means of major and trace element compositions of glass shards and distinguished between Japan and Izu‐Bonin arc origin of the tephra layers. A total of 33 marine tephra compositions were correlated to the Japan arc and 227 to the Izu arc. Twenty marine tephra layers were correlated between the two drilling sites. Additionally, we defined eleven correlations of marine tephra deposits to major widespread Japanese eruptions; from the 1.05 Ma Shishimuta‐Pink Tephra to the 30 ka Aira‐Tn Tephra, both from Kyushu Island. These eruptions provide independent time markers within the sediment record and six correlations were used to date tephra layers from Japan in Hole U1436A to establish an alternative age model for this hole. Furthermore, the minimum distal tephra volumes of all detected events were calculated, which enabled the comparison of the tephra volumes that derived from the Japan and the Izu‐Bonin arcs. For some of the major Japanese eruptions these are the first volume estimations that also include distal deposits. All of the Japanese tephras derived from events with eruption magnitude M_v ≥ 5.6 and three of the investigated eruptions reach magnitudes M_v ≥ 7. Volcanic events of the Izu‐Bonin arc have mostly eruption magnitudes M_v ≤ 5.     

煤炭地质系统计算机应用的回顾与思考

物探研究院计算中心的发展是中国煤炭地质总局应用计算机处理煤田地质勘探资料工作的一个缩影。自70年代中期以来，计算机技术得到飞速发展，为适应地质勘探需求，煤炭地质总局计算中心进行了四次引进，推进了计算机在煤炭地质勘探方面的应用。文章简要回顾了煤田系统计算机应用概况，总结经验，反思不足，并对今后这项工作方向提出了个人的看法。     

Study of gravitational sedimentation of flexible,permeable circular and planktonic particle applying the immersed boundary method

The gravitational settling of a flexible, permeable circular and planktonic particle drenched in a fluid which is assumed to be Newtonian and incompressible along with being viscous was studied. A mathematical formulation and numerical simulations of the studied problem were done by applying the Immersed Boundary Method (IBM) in a two-dimensional fluid domain. Parametric studies were done for analyzing the impact of varying flexibilities and permeabilities with reference to settling velocity (terminal velocity) and shape deformation of the particle. The terminal velocity and permeability of the particle are directly proportional. It was observed that for fixed permeability, the terminal velocity increases when increasing the flexibility of the particle.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)