伊利诺斯盆地宾夕法尼亚纪沉积物季节性降雨的证据

伊利诺斯盆地宾夕法尼亚纪沉积物季节性降雨的证据ＥｒｉｋＰ．Ｋｖａｌｅ等根据古纬度位置、动物群证据或气候敏感岩性的出现而恢复的古气候可表达一个地区相当长时期的气候格局，但气候的细节只有通过与目前条件相同地区的比较才能推断。由于时间的迁移、海洋和陆地的变...     

美国印第安纳州宾夕法尼亚系含煤地层和煤层简介

美国中部伊利诺伊煤田(跨伊利诺伊、印第安纳、肯塔基等三个州)的含煤地层为上石炭统宾夕法尼亚系。美国印第安纳地质研究所2006年编制的印第安纳州基岩综合地层柱状图建立了宾夕法尼亚系含煤地层的岩相层序,现将此岩相层序介绍到国内,对我们了解美国晚古生代煤田地质及阅读国外文献资料颇有帮助。     

内蒙古赤峰市敖汉旗宾夕法尼亚亚纪酒局子组植物化石

内蒙古赤峰市敖汉旗水泉南山附近采集到酒局子组植物化石,通过系统鉴定,共计12属18种,包括楔叶类、木贼类、瓢叶类、真蕨和种子蕨类及科达类等,其中以Pecopteris (Asterotheca) hemitelioides和Cordaites principalis为代表,均为晚古生代华夏植物群常见分子或代表分子,表明赤峰地区在宾夕法尼亚亚纪时应属华夏植物地理大区.酒局子组的时代应当归于宾夕法尼亚亚纪.植物群中发现高大的科达类,并有大量反映热带、亚热带气候的真蕨和种子蕨类,显示该区当时应处于亚热带-暖温带雨量充沛的湿热环境.     

Typhoon Vortex Self-Organization in a Baroclinic Environment

Self-organization of typhoon vortex in a baroclinic environment is studied based on eight numerical experiments with the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University/National Center for Atmospheric Research （PSU/NCAR） Mesoscale Model （MM5）. The results show that, when there are only two 400-km-away mesoscale axisymmetric vortices with a radius of 500 km in the initial field, the two vortices move away from each other during co-rotating till the distance between them greater than a critical distance named co-rotating critical distance. Then, they stop co-rotating. The situation is changed when a small vortex with a radius of 80 kin is introduced in between the two vortices in the initial field, with the two initially separated vortices approaching each other during their co-rotation, and finally self-organizing into a typhoon-like vortex consisting of an inner core and spiral bands. This result supports both Zhou Xiuji＇s view in 1994 and the studies in the barotropic framework concerning the interactions between the same and different scales of vortices. Six other experiments are carried out to study the effects of the initial vortex parameters, including the initial position of the small-scale vortex, the distance and intensity of the initially axisymmetric binary mesoscale vortices. It is found that the distance between the initial axisymmetrie mesoscale vortices is the most important parameter that influences the self-organizing process of the final typhoon-like vortex. This conclusion is similar to that obtained from barotropical model experiments.     

空间统计与智能分析国际研讨会召开

日前,空间统计与智能．分析国际研讨会在武汉大学隆重召开。武汉大学测绘遥感信息工程国家重点实验室龚健雅主任,美国科学院院士、亚利桑那州立大学Luc Anselin教授,美国密歇根大学鲍曙明教授等出席。     

USGS：未来50年美国西北海岸或将发生大地震

2012年7月,美国地质调查局（USGS）发布由俄勒冈州立大学科学家撰写的研究报告：《浊流沉积事件史——卡斯卡迪亚断层带全新世古地震的研究方法与启示》（Turbi-dite Event History－Methods and Implica-tions for Holocene Paleoseismieity of the Cascadia Subduction Zone）。     

反方:页岩气不会是主角

邦妮·伯内特和她的丈夫杜鲁门是住在美国宾夕法尼亚的斯特劳兹堡的一对普通的夫妻。他们在宾夕法尼亚东北部的布拉福德县拥有第二个家。对于伯内特夫妇而言,这是他们度假放松的地方。这里景色优美,因此,他们常常带着一家人来到这里游泳、嬉戏,对于他们来说,这里就是天堂。2009年,距离他们122米的地方启动了一个天然气的开采项目。有一天,当伯内特一家在这里游玩的时候,几万     

The key indicators of transboundary water apportionment based on international laws and cases

Transboundary water, more competitive utilization and uncertain availability under the globalization trend, the issue of its apportionment which directly impacts national benefits of each riparian state is becoming one of the important topics in the world. Water is scarce in China, the most important upstream state in Asia, and this task has to be thought over in the coming future. Based on ＂International Freshwater Treaties Database＂ （1820-2007） by Oregon State University, and publications and reports on transboundary water utilization and management since 1999, 28 indicators of water apportionment adopted in 49 international treaties and cases in 1864-2002 are divided into 6 types, the spatial and temporal characteristics of the adopted indicators are analyzed in order to find the key indicator（s） of transboundary water apportionment. The major results include： the major adopted indicators, have significant differences among 5 regions/continents, the indicators at rank first and second place in the developed region （North America and Europe） according to the adopted times are ＂keeping minimum water flow＂ and ＂mean annual runoff＂, but in the developing region （Asia, Africa and South America）, the ranking order of the above two indicators is reversed; the major adopted indicators in the watersheds with insufficient water are ＂mean annual runoff＂ and ＂keeping minimum water flow＂, the ones in the watersheds with sufficient water are ＂keeping minimum water flow＂ and ＂maximum water intake＂; the international treaties signed from the first phase to the fourth phase, the developing process shows a progress of ＂fewer-increasing a lot-decreasing rapidly-equation basically＂, the regional distribution of the treaties shifts mainly from the developed region to the developing one, especially to Asia and Africa; the major adopted indicators shifts from ＂keeping minimum water flow＂ and ＂mean annual runoff＂ in 1864-1945, to ＂keeping minimum water flow＂ and ＂maximum water intake＂ in 1946-1971, then to ＂hydraulic facility operation＂ and ＂mean annual runoff＂ in 1972-1991, and finally to ＂keeping minimum water flow＂ and ＂mean annual runoff＂ in 1992-2002, the process shows similar a loop. Finally, the key indicator on transboundary water apportionment can be determined as ＂keeping minimum water flow＂.     

美国多位睡眠研究科学家总结 完美午睡须知

人人都会睡午觉．但方法对不对,可是大有差别。美国《华尔街日报》载文,刊出美国宾夕法尼亚大学佩雷尔曼医学院睡眠研究科学家大卫·丁吉思博士等多位专家总结出的“完美午睡须知”。他指出．完美的午睡,既是科学．也是艺术。     

研究人员发明研究地裂的新方法

日前,美国博伊西州立大学研究人员开创了一种研究地裂的新方法,该方法采用高强度光源直接聚焦于裂隙而产生弹性波来研究地裂。通常情况下,科学家在地表发射声波是为了探测来自地面裂缝的回声。而该研究则取代了仅在样本表面激发超声波的方法,直接在地裂地点聚焦脉冲红外激光束,将之转变为超声波源。