Experimental and numerical investigations of stresses in a fully grouted rock bolts

Rock bolts are widely used for rock reinforcement in hard-rock mining and civil engineering since a long time. However the use of fully grouted rock bolts and cable bolts is limited in coal mines. In order to improve performance of the rock bolts as a supplementary roof support system for any type of roof condition in coal measured formations, it is necessary to have a good understanding of the behavior of the bolt–grout and grout–rock interactions as well as the mechanism of load transfer in rock bolts.As the performance of grouted bolts depends on bond strength, extensive laboratory pullout as well as pushout tests were conducted in the present investigations with the variations in the bolt diameters, length and cement–water mixing ratios of grout. The load–displacement curves were developed and were verified with the numerical results obtained from finite element analysis using ALGOR software.Numerical models were validated for pushout tests and a detailed analysis was carried out to know the displacement, stress, strain distribution along the bolt.     

基于本体范畴的地理信息系统语义集成方法

为实现地理信息系统之间的语义集成,本文提出了地理本体范畴定义:即范畴中的对象描述地理本体,对象之间的态射描述地理本体之间的映射,且态射能描述地理本体间的多种语义关系;并设计了利用外推实现地理本体集成的算法,该算法既能集成同义关系,也能实现语义非对称关系的集成;最后以不同分类标准的干出滩本体为具体案例,阐述了算法的实现步...