Effect of Multipoint Heterogeneity on Nonlinear Transformations for Geological Modeling： Porosity-Permeability Relations Revisited

An analysis of statistical expected values for transformations is performed in this study to quantify the effect of heterogeneity on spatial geological modeling and evaluations. Algebraic transformations are frequently applied to data from logging to allow for the modeling of geological properties. Transformations may be powers, products, and exponential operations which are commonly used in well-known relations (e.g., porosity-permeability transforms). The results of this study show that correct computations must account for residual transformation terms which arise due to lack of independence among heterogeneous geological properties. In the case of an exponential porosity-permeability transform, the values may be positive. This proves that a simple exponential model back-transformed from linear regression underestimates permeability. In the case of transformations involving two or more properties, residual terms may represent the contribution of heterogeneous components which occur when properties vary together, regardless of a pair-wise linear independence. A consequence of power- and product-transform models is that regression equationswithin those transformations need corrections via residual cumulants. A generalization of this result isthat transformations of multivariate spatial attributes require multiple-point random variable relations. This analysis provides practical solutions leading to a methodology for nonlinear modeling using correct back transformations in geology.     

基于谱修正方法的非高斯风场模拟

为克服基于H erm ite谱修正方法的缺点,减少该方法中计算H erm ite多项式系数所需耗费的大量机时,提出了一种模拟非高斯风压场的新方法,采用非高斯累积分布函数（CDF）映射技术来代替基于H erm ite的概率密度函数（PDF）修正。选择任意边缘PDF模型作为概率目标模型,采用目标功率谱密度（PSD）作为样本函数,通过迭代修正该样本函数,使其收敛于目标概率密度函数和目标功率谱密度。将该方法应用于实际结构的非高斯风场模拟,模拟结果与目标谱符合良好,表明本文方法模拟非高斯风场具有较高的精确度和计算效率。     

Statistical moment-based structural damage detection method in time domain

A novel structural damage detection method with a new damage index,i.e.,the statistical moment-based damage detection(SMBDD) method in the frequency domain,has been recently proposed.The aim of this study is to extend the SMBDD method in the frequency domain to the time domain for building structures subjected to non-Gaussian and non-stationary excitations.The applicability and effectiveness of the SMBDD method in the time domainis verified both numerically and experimentally.Shear buildings with various damage scenarios are first numerically investigated in the time domain taking into account the effect of measurement noise.The applicability of the proposed method in the time domain to building structures subjected to non-Gaussian and non-stationary excitations is then experimentally investigated through a series of shaking table tests,in which two three-story shear building models with four damage scenarios aretested.The identified damage locations and severities are then compared with the preset values.The comparative results are found to be satisfactory,and the SMBDD method is shown to be feasible and effective for building structures subjected to non-Gaussian and non-stationary excitations.     

Structure in fluctuations of large-scale soil moisture climate due to external random forcing and internal feedbacks

Large-scale fields of soil moisture are forced by atmospheric precipitation and radiative forcing. When these forcing factors are themselves influenced by surface and soil moisture processes, the result is a nonlinear land-atmosphere system with inherent feedback mechanisms that may strongly modulate variability in climate. Given such feedbacks, simple randomness in the forcing factors may be manifested as a complex statistical signature in the surface hydrology. In this paper, we investigate the impacts of non-Gaussian and colored-noise on the probability distribution of soil moisture resulting from the statistical-dynamical land-atmosphere interaction model of Rodriguez-Iturbe et al. (1991). Persistence of hydroclimatologic anomalies as characterized by the correlation time scale of soil moisture is discussed.     

Non-Gaussian Lagrangian Stochastic Model for Wind Field Simulation in the Surface Layer

Wind field simulation in the surface layer is often used to manage natural resources in terms of air quality,gene flow(through pollen drift),and plant disease transmission(spore dispersion).Although Lagrangian stochastic(LS)models describe stochastic wind behaviors,such models assume that wind velocities follow Gaussian distributions.However,measured surface-layer wind velocities show a strong skewness and kurtosis.This paper presents an improved model,a non-Gaussian LS model,which incorporates controllable non-Gaussian random variables to simulate the targeted non-Gaussian velocity distribution with more accurate skewness and kurtosis.Wind velocity statistics generated by the non-Gaussian model are evaluated by using the field data from the Cooperative Atmospheric Surface Exchange Study,October 1999 experimental dataset and comparing the data with statistics from the original Gaussian model.Results show that the non-Gaussian model improves the wind trajectory simulation by stably producing precise skewness and kurtosis in simulated wind velocities without sacrificing other features of the traditional Gaussian LS model,such as the accuracy in the mean and variance of simulated velocities.This improvement also leads to better accuracy in friction velocity(i.e.,a coupling of three-dimensional velocities).The model can also accommodate various non-Gaussian wind fields and a wide range of skewness–kurtosis combinations.Moreover,improved skewness and kurtosis in the simulated velocity will result in a significantly different dispersion for wind/particle simulations.Thus,the non-Gaussian model is worth applying to wind field simulation in the surface layer.     

顾及时变非高斯噪声的高斯和滤波及其导航应用

高斯和滤波可利用高斯混合模型精化非高斯噪声随机模型来提高估计精度,但导航测量环境的动态性和复杂性使非高斯噪声具有时变性特征,若GMM不随之调整会导致滤波解算失真。针对该问题,本文提出一种基于位移参数自适应估计的高斯和滤波算法。首先分析GMM位移参数对非高斯噪声拟合精度的影响,然后利用位移参数自适应技术修正GMM,进而改善高斯和滤波性能。实验结果表明,当GNSS/SINS量测模型存在时变非高斯噪声时,本文算法的滤波结果较传统高斯和滤波算法的波动小,抗干扰能力强,在实际应用中可进一步改善估计精度和稳定性。     

多维非高斯系统最小熵控制

针对多维非高斯系统提出了最小熵控制方法,控制的目标是使系统的非高斯输出概率密度函数跟踪一个已知的联合概率密度函数.首先,根据系统模型和辅助映射,构建了系统状态、跟踪误差与扰动输入之间的泛函算子模型,然后基于梯度算法设计了递归的次优控制律,最后通过仿真验证了最小熵控制算法的有效性.     

Model-data fusion for seismic performance evaluation of an instrumented highway bridge

The paper presents a computationally efficient algorithm to integrate a probabilistic, non-Gaussian parameter estimation approach for nonlinear finite element models with the performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE) framework for accurate performance evaluations of instrumented civil infrastructures. The algorithm first utilizes a minimum variance framework to fuse predictions from a numerical model of a civil infrastructure with its measured behavior during a past earthquake to update the parameters of the numerical model that is, then, used for performance prediction of the civil infrastructure during future earthquakes. A nonproduct quadrature rule, based on the conjugate unscented transformation, forms an enabling tool to drive the computationally efficient model prediction, model-data fusion, and performance evaluation. The algorithm is illustrated and validated on Meloland Road overpass, a heavily instrumented highway bridge in El Centro, CA, which experienced three moderate earthquake events in the past. The benefits of integrating measurement data into the PBEE framework are highlighted by comparing damage fragilities of and annual probabilities of damages to the bridge estimated using the presented algorithm with that estimated using the conventional PBEE approach.     

基于遗传算法的非高斯系统随机分布控制

传统的控制理论并未考虑工业过程中的一些不确定因素,而这些不确定因素在生产过程中对系统的能源损耗和精度都有很大的影响.为了解决上述问题,本文研究一种基于数据的非高斯随机分布系统优化控制策略,该策略采用核密度估计（KDE）方法完全基于输出数据估计输出概率密度函数（PDF）,根据控制目标建立性能指标函数,采用遗传算法优化性能指标函数,实现输出PDF对目标PDF的跟踪.以磨矿系统为模型进行仿真,采用PDF表征粒度分布（PSD）.仿真结果表明,基于遗传算法的非高斯随机分布最优控制算法能有效地实现随机分布控制系统的控制目标,为实际工业生产提供参考.