R＆D投入的区位模式与区域经济发展

基于对中国R＆D投入的区位模式的实证检验，从投入一产出绩效的角度认为集中投入的区位模式具有较强的适宜性。利用聚类分析技术，按照R＆D的投入强度和及其对经济的带动效应、科技化效应、产业化效应将中国各省区划分为6类地区，具有代表性的是科技化模式和产业化模式。其中前者适合于技术存置较高的少数地区，而后者具有较强的借鉴意义。     

区位进入理论与企业集团的国际化扩张——以海尔集团为例

中国企业集团是改革开放以后出现的大型企业组织 ,在经济全球化的背景下 ,研究其国际化扩张具有重大现实意义。本文在详细介绍Hayter的国际企业区位进入理论的基础上 ,以海尔集团为例 ,分析了企业集团的国际化扩张过程 ;其次 ,分析了海尔集团所具有的进入优势以及所面临的空间进入壁垒。海尔集团所具有的进入优势有管理与文化优势、技术创新优势、产品质量优势、营销优势 ,但还面临着心理距离、企业规模小以及东道国政策的限制等空间壁垒。最后 ,提出了有关企业集团国际化扩张的一些对策。     

区块链稳定代币研究进展

作为一种具有价值稳定属性的特殊加密货币,稳定代币不仅能够成为链接区块链加密资产和现实世界资产的桥梁,而且有潜力降低金融行业的中介成本、提高资金转移的效率.自摩根大通、Facebook等国际知名企业宣布其稳定代币计划后,稳定代币成为监管机构、企业界和科研机构的研究热点.本文通过对比法币、加密货币与稳定代币,深入分析了稳定代币的特征,然后从区块链基础设施、价值稳定机制、运营机制3个方面详细介绍了稳定代币的系统架构和运行机制.最后结合稳定代币的技术特点,分析了稳定代币系统面临的缺陷和可能的解决方案.     

Spatial dynamics of retail structure and the venerable retail hierarchy

The retail system is continuously adapting itself to changing demographic conditions, consumer behavior and economic conditions. Existing retail units, getting larger in order to achieve economics of scale, and new forms of large-scale retailing do not fit easily in the traditional spatial pattern of retail concentrations. Neverteless the spatial distribution of retailing in urban areas, as schematized by Berry thirty-five years ago, still has its value. Through an upward hierarchical movement the retail system has adapted itself to an inflexible spatial system, in which downtown has still a dominant position. Future developments, however, may weaken the position of central shopping areas in favour of peripheral locations. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

EXPLORING SPATIAL FAMILIARITY*

Spatial familiarity is a natural language concept that has no well-defined technical interpretation. We explore here some possible dimensions of the concept, provide subjective measurements of the dimensions, and evaluate their independence. The four dimensions examined are locational knowledge, visual recognition, name identification, and interaction frequency. We suggest that both cognitive and behavioral dimensions are embedded in the concept of spatial familiarity and must be part of the meaning of the concept and of any attempt to make it operational.     

Towards Closure? Coexistence,remoteness and righteousness in Indigenous policy in Australia

The policy framework claiming to support Indigenous people in remote parts of Australia is in disarray with Commonwealth, state and territory governments proposing closure of remote communities on a range of economic and social policy grounds, but facing significant criticism on economic, environmental, social and cultural grounds. Western Australia's proposal to close 150 remote communities, announced in late-2014, is reviewed and found to reveal a profound failure of geographical literacy.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Marine Resources of Kuwait: Their Role in the Development of Non-oil Resources . Fatimah H. Y. al -Abdul -Razzak Recollections of a Revolution: Geography as Spatial Science . Mark Billinge , Derek Gregory and Ron Martin Entre l'Eden et l'Utopie . Luc Bureau Developments in Political Geography . M. A. Busteed The Elements of Graphing Data . William S. Cleveland Rural Resource Management . Paul J. Cloke and Chris C. Park Third World Atlas . Ben Crow and Alan Thomas Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation: A Geographic Perspective on Natural Resource Use . Susan L. Cutter , Hilary Lambert Renwick, and William H. Renwick . Wine Regions of the Southern Hemisphere . Harm Jan de Blij Regional Development: Problems and Policies in Eastern and Western Europe . George Demko The Geographer at Work . Peter R. Gould Change in the Amazon Basin . John Hemming Geography Since the Second World War . R. J. Johnston and P. Claval Urbanization in China: Town and Countryside in a Developing Economy 1949–2000 A.D. , R. J. R. Kirkby Transport and Communications for Pacific Microstates: Issues in Organisation and Management . Christopher C. Kissling Fluvial Forms and Processes . David Knighton The Urban Millennium . Josef W. Konvitz Technological Transition in Cartography . Mark Stephen Monmonier Field Guide to Soils and the Environment: Applications of Soil Surveys . Gerald W. Olson Northern Australia: The Arenas of Life and Ecosystems on Half a Continent . Don Parkes A Killing Rain: The Global Threat of Acid Rain . Thomas Pawlick From the Family Farm to Agribusiness: The Irrigation Crusade in California and the West, 1850–1931 . Donald J. Pisani Hybrid Maize Diffusion in Kenya . Franz -Michael Rundquist Warning and Response to the Mount St. Helens Eruption . Thomas F. Saarinen and James L. Sell Coastal Geomorphology in Australia . B. G. Thom Tropical Rain Forests of the Far East , 2nd ed . T. C. Whitmore The Dark Side of the Earth . Robert Muir Wood Categorical Data Analysis for Geographers and Environmental Scientists , Neil Wrigley     

战略耦合的研究脉络与问题

在回顾经济地理学中较为前沿的战略耦合概念的起源、发展与研究现状的基础上,对战略耦合研究的优点与问题展开评述,认为当前研究在战略耦合模式的探讨中,主要基于经验总结而缺乏对影响变量,特别是空间变量的阐述,存在一定的模糊性。为理解该问题的根源,追溯了全球生产网络和全球价值链两个学派的争论和最新进展。在认可全球价值链理论解释力的同时,认为当前全球生产网络2.0版本的研究框架仍然没有解决模糊性的问题,而且全球生产网络的分析框架主要侧重于主导企业视角来构建战略耦合的发生机制,忽略了后发地区和企业的主动性。因此,借鉴传统经济地理学研究,充分考虑主导企业和后发地区的行为逻辑,提出经济活动的空间粘性和区域的区位优势这两个变量,重构了战略耦合的分析框架,并进行理论阐述。该项理论构建有助于更好地厘清战略耦合的发生机制,帮助发展中国家和地区判读发展机遇,确立产业发展与升级战略。     

中国星级仓库的区位选择行为与等级差异

星级仓库区位认识对优化城市仓储空间和合理配置仓储用地资源有重要意义。以2008-2014年237个中国星级仓库为样本,综合运用区位关系识别、距离测度和典型案例分析等方法,揭示地域、行业、职能分异与星级仓库区位选择行为相互关系,阐明了不同等级城市的星级仓库区位统计规律,以及物流职能、交通圈层结构与星级仓库区位形成的内在作用机制。研究表明：①星级仓库分布于4个直辖市、22个副省级和省会城市、37个地级市、24个县/县级市,不同等级城市平均拥有星级仓库数分别为16.5、4.77、1.78和1.58个,呈“倒三角形”分布形态;行业分布呈现“通用和大宗仓储分散、专业性仓库集中”特征;办公和经营场所区位呈“共用和分离相对均衡”特征;②星级仓库区位受“供给+需求”共同驱动,省会及以上城市具有公共服务职能的星级仓库区位总体呈“近郊—远郊”布局模式,地级市以自营服务职能为主的星级仓库总体呈“中心—边缘”布局模式;③城市等级与星级仓库物流距离成正比且存在明显的类型分异,其中公私兼营和自营仓储型仓库受母公司区位影响,郊区化趋势滞后于提供公共服务的地产租赁和公共仓储型仓库。     

基于指纹识别的室内定位中的隐私保护

基于指纹识别的定位是最流行的室内定位方法.在离线阶段,服务器测量指纹,比如来自特定空间已知位置的不同接入点（AP）的接收信号强度（RSS）,测量后服务器将测量结果保存在数据库中;在线上阶段,用户同时向服务器发送他当前指纹的测量结果以及位置查询请求,服务器将在数据库中查找与测量结果最接近的指纹.虽然这种方法已经被研究了很久,但现有的工作并没有考虑2个隐私要求：供应商希望保护他们花大代价收集的指纹,用户想要对服务器保留他们的指纹测量结果,以避免泄漏位置.为了实现隐私保护,本文提出一种使用加密技术的指纹匹配方案,这个方案在加密情况下计算由用户测量的指纹与服务器存储的指纹的距离,服务器存储的指纹在这一过程中仍处于密文空间.本文证明了这个方案在进行单点定位时能够很好地保证两者的隐私要求.为了减少高昂的时间开销,本文还提出了一个基于网格划分的改进方案,以及以有限的隐私损失为代价的扩展方案.为加强安全性,最后提出了有效对抗特定攻击的对策,在这种攻击中恶意用户可以通过重复定位获得服务器存储的指纹.使用公众 RSS指纹数据集的扩展实验结果显示本文方案足以在实现实时定位的同时保留定位精度.