Using advanced soft computing techniques for regional shoreline geoid model estimation and evaluation

This study aims at evaluating the global geoid model for a regional shoreline fitting using advanced soft computing techniques and global navigation satellite system/leveling measurements. Artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic, and least square support vector machine models are developed and used to fit the global geoid model for the north coastal Egyptian line. In addition, a novel estimation geoid model is designed and evaluated based on the latest global geoid models. The results of the three estimation models show that they can be used to correct the shoreline geoid model, in terms of root mean square error that ranges from 1.7 to 8.5?cm. Moreover, it is found that the least square vector machine model is a competitive approach with certain advantage in solving complex problems represented by missing data.     

局部大地水准面精化系统软件的设计与实现

给出了局部大地水准面精化系统的总体结构以及各分系统的详细设计与实现方法,开发了旨在对相关重力测量数据实现自动化处理的局部大地水准面精化系统工具软件,并应用于某区域实际大地水准面的精确计算。实践证明,该系统能有效提高相关数据的处理效率,有助于局部大地水准面精化过程的规范化。     

天文(重力)水准的新手段及其计算方法

介绍当今确定天文大地垂偏差的新仪器－CCD自动天体测量仪和确定两点间高程异常差的新方法，该方法用单极坐标代替繁琐的双极坐标进行计算，讨论了天文重力水准的误差及垂线偏差非线性影响等问题，估计在不久的将来，用这一手段施测山区似大地水准面的精度可望达到厘米级。     

利用GPS水准点精化局部CQG2000

CQG2000模型的精度仍不能满足中、大比例尺的测图需要,如何充分利用现有成果,提高其价值和实用性,是目前需要迫切解决的问题。本文提出了通过加密GPS水准点来提高现有CQG2000精度的方法,并研究了GPS水准点数目和分布对提高结果的影响。     

BP神经网络在局部似大地水准面精化的应用

针对高程拟合中的模型误差问题,采用BP神经网络方法进行拟合,可以减小模型误差,提高似大地水准面的精化精度。在焦作市局部似大地水准面精化算例中,BP神经网络高程拟合取得了良好的效果。     

论(N-ζ)公式的内涵及推求N的精度

介绍了大地水准面(N)与似大地水准面(ξ)之差公式的推导方法，揭示了其物理内涵，论述了其在精化大地水准面中的重要作用。当似大地水准面精度达到cm级时，大地水准面也将达到同样的精度。     

Optimal Model for Geoid Determination from Airborne Gravity

Two different approaches for transformation of airborne gravity disturbances, derived from gravity observations at low-elevation flying platforms, into geoidal undulations are formulated, tested and discussed in this contribution. Their mathematical models are based on Green's integral equations. They are in these two approaches defined at two different levels and also applied in a mutually reversed order. While one of these approaches corresponds to the classical method commonly applied in processing of ground gravity data, the other approach represents a new method for processing of gravity data in geoid determination that is unique to airborne gravimetry. Although theoretically equivalent in the continuous sense, both approaches are tested numerically for possible numerical advantages, especially due to the inverse of discretized Fredholm's integral equation of the first kind applied on different data. High-frequency synthetic gravity data burdened by the 2-mGal random noise, that are expected from current airborne gravity systems, are used for numerical testing. The results show that both approaches can deliver for the given data a comparable cm-level accuracy of the geoidal undulations. The new approach has, however, significantly higher computational efficiency. It would be thus recommended for real life geoid computations. Additional errors related to regularization of gravity data and the geoid, and to accuracy of the reference field, that would further deteriorate the quality of estimated geoidal undulations, are not considered in this study.     

珠峰高程测定中的有关问题及思考

对珠峰高程的精度、雪层的厚度、高程基准——大地水准面的精度、地壳的垂直运动以及如何将似大地水准面转换到大地水准面进行了讨论。结果显示，采用正常高加转换公式中的重力或地形资料求取珠峰正高比较合适。     

深圳市1 km高分辨率厘米级高精度大地水准面的确定

利用65个精度优于2 cm的GPS水准数据、5 213个实测重力点数据、100 m分辨率的数字地形模型和WDM94地球重力场模型,采用移去-恢复技术计算了深圳市1 km分辨率的大地水准面模型.将该模型大地水准面高与由29个GPS水准得到的大地水准面高进行比较,其差值的标准差为±1.4 cm.