地磁偏角实时自动修正技术在油田定向钻井中的应用

在油田定向钻井的磁导向定位系统中，地磁偏角校正是一个不可缺少的基本要素，同时在磁偏角校正值精度直接影响定向井的导向定位精度。因此，作者提出了提高地磁偏角校正值精度的方法，并试图将地磁偏角实时自动修正技术引入我国油田定向钻井领域。     

实时波形数据断记的解决办法

应用Windows操作系统的网络技术和自行开发的报警软件，解决了牡丹江地震台连续波形数据断记问题。本文详细介绍了解决方案和报警软件的安装及使用方法。     

基于Android平台的分布式无线微震采集站布站与监控软件研究与实现

由于地震勘探仪器呈现小型化、无线化、智能化发展趋势,传统操作平台无法满足便携式勘探仪器使用需要.因此本文利用Android移动设备便携性、普及性高,用户基础好的特点,实现了基于Android平台的无线微震采集站布站与监控软件.该软件在大范围野外施工中,为施工人员提供包括定位、测距、测角、网络监测等全程可视化布站功能,同时提供监测施工中小型、大型微震采集站阵列实时网络情况,以及采集站状态的智能控制、数据实时监控等功能.经过施工测试,软件稳定性好、便携性高,极大提高野外施工效率.     

Development of the ElarmS methodology for earthquake early warning: Realtime application in California and offline testing in Japan

In July 2009, the California Integrated Seismic Network concluded a three-year study of earthquake early warning systems in California. Three algorithms were expanded and examined during the study. Here we discuss the history, methodology, and performance of one of the algorithms, ElarmS. Earthquake Alarm Systems, or ElarmS, uses peak displacement and maximum predominant frequency of the P-wave to detect earthquakes and quantify their hazard in the seconds after rupture begins. ElarmS was developed for Northern and Southern California, and now processes waveforms in realtime from 603 seismic sensors across the state. We outline the methodology as currently implemented, present several example events from different regions of California, and summarize the performance in terms of false and missed alarms. ElarmS was also tested offline with a dataset of 84 large magnitude earthquakes from Japan. The results from the Japan dataset were used to create a statistical error model for the algorithm. The model can be used to provide realtime uncertainty estimates at any stage in processing. In August 2009 the CISN embarked on a second three-year study of earthquake early warning. As part of this ongoing research, we identify the technological and methodological challenges facing ElarmS. Telemetry latencies and false alarm rates are two key opportunities for improvement.     

高频GPS双差残差模型监测强震地表运动

根据震时地表震动持续时间短的特点,以及双差残差的相关性,提出了基于双差残差建模的高频GPS强震位移监测方法.首先对震前若干历元各双差残差进行建模,地震发生后,利用模型对各双差残差进行预报,最后利用预报残差实现短时间尺度内的位移解算.利用一条长约1100 km基线的静态数据和El Mayor-Cucapah 7.2级地震的94个测站数据进行试验分析,结果表明,5 min预测时间内,静态数据的动态位移在N、E、U三个方向的定位中误差分别为6 mm、6 mm和13 mm,地震数据的解算结果与实际情况有较好的一致性.     

On an earthquake early warning system (EEW) and its applications

It is clear that the basic countermeasure against earthquake strong motion is to reinforce buildings and other structures. Realtime earthquake disaster prevention is a countermeasure during the earthquake itself and is different from realtime seismology. An EEW, earthquake early warning system, is required to trigger realtime earthquake disaster prevention. It is important to avoid too much trust in EEW for the disaster prevention. This paper describes the concept of an EEW and gives a brief history, which eventually led to the development of the UrEDAS, the urgent earthquake detection and alarm system, the first operational P-wave early warning system. A real-world example of disaster prevention by this system is described. Finally, the role of national or public organizations in earthquake disaster prevention will be discussed, with special emphasis on the situation in Japan.     

基于BDS的主辅站技术在车载导航中的应用研究

为了克服传统车载导航定位技术的不足,提高定位精度,文中将基于北斗卫星导航系统的主辅站技术应用于车载导航中,主辅站技术有着可靠性高,无需双向数据传输和服务用户无数量限制等优点。理论研究和实践表明,基于主辅站技术的车载导航定位系统,其定位精度可以达到厘米级,实现车道级定位导航,并能在车辆即将越界时提供预警,防止车辆违章,具有一定的实用价值。     

Impacts of XBT, TAO, Altimetry and ARGO Observations on the Tropical Pacific Ocean Data Assimilation

This study aims at assessing the relative impacts of four major components of the tropical Pacific Ocean observing system on assimilation of temperature and salinity fields. Observations were collected over a period between January 2001 through June 2003 including temperature data from the expendable bathythermographs (XBT), thermistor data from the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean (TOGA-TAO) mooring array, sea level anomalies from the Topex/Poseidon and Jason-1 altimetry (T/P-J),and temperature and salinity profiles from the Array for Real-time Geostrophic Oceanography (ARGO) floats.An efficient three-dimensional variational analysis-based method was introduced to assimilate the above data into the tropical-Pacific circulation model. To evaluate the impact of the individual component of the observing system, four observation system experiments were carried out. The experiment that assimilated all four components of the observing system was taken as the reference. The other three experiments were implemented by withholding one of the four components. Results show that the spatial distribution of the data influences its relative contribution. XBT observations produce the most distinguished effects on temperature analyses in the off-equatorial region due to the large amount of measurements and high quality.Similarly, the impact of TAO is dominant in the equatorial region due to the focus of the spatial distribution.The Topex/Poseidon-Jason-1 can be highly complementary where the XBT and TAO observations are sparse.The contribution of XBT or TAO on the assimilated salinity is made by the model dynamics because no salinity observations from them are assimilated. Therefore, T/P-J, as a main source for providing salinity data, has been shown to have greater impacts than either XBT or TAO on the salinity analysis. Although ARGO includes the subsurface observations, the relatively smaller number of observation makes it have the smallest contribution to the assimilation system.     

青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)组织蛋白酶L基因的表达与重组蛋白活性分析

利用荧光定量PCR方法检测了青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)在鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)胁迫下组织蛋白酶L基因(CsCPL)在各组织的表达差别及其在血淋巴中的时序表达关系。结果表明,CsCPL基因在青蛤血淋巴、肝脏、外套膜、鳃和闭壳肌等组织中普遍表达,其中以血淋巴表达水平最高。在鳗弧菌刺激后3—96h青蛤的血淋巴中CsCPL的表达量均出现明显上调,其中6h达到最大值并且与对照组有极其显著性差异(P0.01),说明该基因在青蛤免疫反应中具有重要作用。文章还对CsCPL基因进行了原核表达,其产物蛋白分子量约35kDa,经纯化及复性后具有明显的抑菌作用。