Super-resolution enhancement of UAV images based on fractional calculus and POCS

Abstract

A super-resolution enhancement algorithm was proposed based on the combination of fractional calculus and Projection onto Convex Sets (POCS) for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) images. The representative problems of UAV images including motion blur, fisheye effect distortion, overexposed, and so on can be improved by the proposed algorithm. The fractional calculus operator is used to enhance the high-resolution and low-resolution reference frames for POCS. The affine transformation parameters between low-resolution images and reference frame are calculated by Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) for matching. The point spread function of POCS is simulated by a fractional integral filter instead of Gaussian filter for more clarity of texture and detail. The objective indices and subjective effect are compared between the proposed and other methods. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method outperforms other algorithms in most cases, especially in the structure and detail clarity of the reconstructed images.     

地形图点状符号自动识别中不变性特征参数的提取

特征参数的抽取,是实现地形图中点状符号自动识别的关键。本文根据点状符号在扫描图中可能出现的旋转、缩放等情况,归纳和总结出了４种易于计算的不变性特征,并给出了这些特征的提取方法和部分实验结果。这４种特征参数是:复杂度——用以描述符号外围的复杂程度;扁率——用以反映符号的扁平程度;比重——符号的黑色部分在其整个覆盖区域中所占的比例;偏心率——用以反映符号重心与符号的几何中心的偏离程度。这４种特征参数具有旋转不变性和大小不变性,且便于提取、容易计算。     

Dynamics of a satellite orbiting a planet with an inhomogeneous gravitational field

We study the dynamics of a satellite (artificial or natural) orbiting an Earth-like planet at low altitude from an analytical point of view. The perturbation considered takes into account the gravity attraction of the planet and in particular it is caused by its inhomogeneous potential. We begin by truncating the equations of motion at second order, that is, incorporating the zonal and the tesseral harmonics up to order two. The system is formulated as an autonomous Hamiltonian and has three degrees of freedom. After three successive Lie transformations, the system is normalised with respect to two angular co-ordinates up to order five in a suitable small parameter given by the quotient between the angular velocity of the planet and the mean motion of the satellite. Our treatment is free of power expansions of the eccentricity and of truncated Fourier series in the anomalies. Once these transformations are performed, the truncated Hamiltonian defines a system of one degree of freedom which is rewritten as a function of two variables which generate a phase space which takes into account all of the symmetries of the problem. Next an analysis of the system is achieved obtaining up to six relative equilibria and three types of bifurcations. The connection with the original system is established concluding the existence of various families of invariant 3-tori of it, as well as quasiperiodic and periodic trajectories. This is achieved by using KAM theory techniques.     

运用SI-Harris算子提取遥感图像点特征

推导了SI-Harris算子(尺度不变Harris算子)的理论公式,并将其应用于遥感图像的点特征提取。重点对Harris算子与SI-Harris算子在不同空间分辨率遥感图像上的点特征提取进行实验比较,利用"重复率"指标对实验结果进行定量评价。实验表明:SI-Harris算子"重复率"较Harris算子有明显提升,可用于不同空间分辨率遥感图像的点特征提取,进而可服务于不同空间分辨率遥感图像的匹配。     

On the relationship between Lyapunov times and macroscopic instability times

On the basis of the general theory of Hamiltonian systems, we consider the relationship between Lyapunov times and macroscopic diffusion times. We find out that there are two regimes: the Nekhoroshev regime and the resonant overlapping regime. In the first case the diffusion time is exponentially long with respect to Lyapunov times. In the second case, the relationship is polynomial although we do not find any theoretical reason for the existence of a universal power law. We show numerical evidences which confirm our theoretical considerations.     

Construction of invariant tori for the spin-orbit problem in the mercury-sun system

The stability of spin-orbit resonances, namely commensurabilities between the periods of rotation and revolution of an oblate satellite orbiting around a primary body, is investigated using perturbation theory. We reduce the system to a model described by a one-dimensional, time-dependent Hamiltonian function. By means of KAM theory we rigorously construct bidimensional invariant surfaces, which separate the three dimensional phase space. In particular with a suitable choice of the rotation numbers of the invariant tori we are able to trap the periodic orbit associated with a given resonance in a finite region of the phase space. This technique is applied to the Mercury-Sun system. A connection with the probability of capture in a resonance is also provided.     

Reconstitution des apports en éléments traces métalliques et bilan de leur migration dans un Luvisol sableux soumis à 100 ans d'irrigation massive par des eaux usées brutes

Raw wastewaters were massively spread on sandy luvisols near Paris from 1899 to 2002, leading to high trace metals (TM) pollution of soils. Mass balance calculations were performed on a soil profile to assess vertical migration of TM. The contamination was estimated by subtracting the natural pedo-geochemical background of the horizons. TM inputs were estimated using Cr as an invariant. It is shown that Pb and Cr remained in the surface horizon, while Ni, Cd, Cu and Zn migrated downward, being more or less trapped depending on the physicochemical properties of the horizons. To cite this article: C. Dère et al., C. R. Geoscience 338 (2006).     

基于NSCT和SURF的遥感图像匹配

SURF(Speed Up Robust Features)算法是对尺度不变特征变换SIFT(Scale Invariant Feature Transform)算法的一种改进,应用到遥感图像匹配领域中可以大大提高匹配速度,但是匹配精度略有下降。为此,本文提出一种基于无下采样Contourlet变换NSCT(Nonsubsampled Contourlet Transform)和SURF的遥感图像匹配算法。首先使用NSCT分别分解参考图像和待匹配图像,得到各自对应的低频分量;然后把这两幅低频分量图像作为SURF算法的输入图像进行预匹配,降低高频噪声对匹配结果的影响;最后利用预匹配结果求解变换模型的参数,并采用随机抽样一致RANSAC(Random Sample Consensus)算法剔除误匹配点对,解决了SURF算法存在的错误匹配问题。实验结果表明,与SIFT算法、SURF算法相比,本文算法具有更高的匹配精度和更快的匹配速度,且抗旋转、噪声、亮度变化能力更强。     

大交角近景影像的仿射不变特征匹配方法研究

针对近景数字摄影测量中大交角影像的匹配问题,本文提出了一种仿射不变特征提取与匹配方法。该方法集成Hessain-Affine和MSER特征检测算法提取一定数量的仿射不变特征区域,并将提取的椭圆形特征区域归一化处理为圆形区域,再用SIFT特征描述算子对特征区域进行描述,然后进行基于距离的粗匹配,最后在核线约束下进行精匹配。实验表明,本文的方法在对大交角近景图像进行匹配时,可以得到相对多数量的匹配对和较高的正确匹配率,具有很好的稳定性和鲁棒性。     

斜压Ertel-Rossby不变量在梅雨锋降水过程中的研究与应用

绝热无摩擦下,位涡(PV)的守恒性、不可渗透性和可反演性使之非常广泛地应用在中高纬度天气学诊断分析中,但由于其本身不包含力管项,无法描述强烈天气的快速流形等局限性,因此分析了Zdunkowski and Bott(2003)提出的斜压Ertrl-Rossby不变量(ERI),结果表明,绝热无摩擦条件下的ERI在其表达式中就已经明确地包含了螺旋度和PV的表达式,同时也涵盖了斜压大气中的力管项效应,可以描述快速流形的天气系统,具有PV所不能取代的优点,这使得它具有非常广泛的潜在应用价值。在此基础上,还利用ERI诊断了2003年7月3～6日的一次梅雨降水过程,结果表明,ERI完整地刻画了这次降水带南移及降水强度变化的特点,随着24h累积降水带的移动,ERI低值区也随之移动,二者吻合非常好。和PV相比,ERI对降水落区及强度变化的诊断能力更强。