浅水多波束系统SONIC 2024在码头测深中的应用

文中介绍浅水多波束系统SONIC 2024的技术优点,从姿态参数校正、潮汐改正、声速改正、测线滤波及曲面滤波等方面探讨多波束数据处理的关键技术。以码头实测数据验证该系统在水深测量应用中的便捷性和可靠性。     

微塑料添加对小麦苗期生长及干物质分配的影响

土壤环境中微塑料污染已成为全球关注的环境问题。关于微塑料对于植物生长的直接影响和由于土壤理化性状改变的间接影响研究已逐步开展,但针对小麦的研究鲜见报道。试验选择两个旱地小麦品种(甘春27和禾尚头)作为研究对象,选取高密度聚乙烯作为微塑料添加,设置3种质量浓度(0、1、4 g·kg^-1)开展盆栽试验,对不同微塑料组合处理下小麦的出苗率、株高、全株生物量和地上/地下干物质分配进行了分析。结果表明：(1)微塑料添加对两个品种出苗率没有影响。(2)禾尚头在添加1 g·kg^-1微塑料时比添加0、4 g·kg^-1时全株生物量分别高46.7%、8.5%,甘春27在添加1 g·kg^-1微塑料时比添加0、4 g·kg^-1时全株生物量分别高28.7%、17.2%;甘春27整体比禾尚头在3种浓度处理下全株生物量分别高24.9%、9.6%、1.5%。(3)不同试验处理条件下,甘春27将更多的干物质分配在地上植株的构建,其在地下(根系)和地上(茎叶)部分的分配比例整体小于禾尚头。整体上,适度微塑料添加可...     

生态阻力面模型的构建及其在城市扩展模拟中的应用（英文）

Urban expansion models are useful tools to understand urbanization process and have been given much attention.However,urban expansion is a complicated socio-economic phenomenon that is affected by complex and volatile factors involving in great uncertainties.Therefore,the accurate simulation of the urban expansion process remains challenging.In this paper,we make an attempt to solve such uncertainty through a reversal process and view urban expansion as a process wherein the urban landscape overcomes resistance from other landscapes.We developed an innovative approach derived from the minimum cumulative resistance(MCR) model that involved the introduction of a relative resistance factor for different source levels and the consideration of rigid constraints on urban expansion caused by ecological barriers.Using this approach,the urban expansion ecological resistance(UEER)model was created to describe ecological resistance surfaces suitable for simulating urban expansion and used to simulate urban expansion in Guangzhou.The study results demonstrate that the ecological resistance surface generated by the UEER model comprehensively reflects ecological resistance to urban expansion and indicates the spatial trends in urban expansion.The simulation results from the UEER-based model were more realistic and more accurately reflected ecological protection requirements than the conventional MCR-based model.These findings can enhance urban expansion simulation methods.     

远海测量重力仪漂移量估测方法研究

在海洋重力测量中,需要获知重力仪漂移量,作业规程中对漂移量确定方法已有详细规定,但对于测量周期长、测量期间中断作业的情况,作业规程还缺少这方面的规定,因此针对这些情况研究重力仪漂移量测量方法是必要的。据此提出定点复测和重复测线比对两种方法,以达到估算测量期内重力仪漂移量的目的,给出适用于远海长周期重力测量的重力仪漂移量估测方法。根据某航次实测数据的对比分析,发现两种方法均取得了较好的效果,可有效提高数据精度,但每种方法各有应用限制,需要根据实际情况选择使用。     

工程地质分区在济南奥体中心勘测中的应用

对场地地质条件进行平面上合理的分区和评价,是岩土工程勘测工作的重要内容,也是地基基础方案设计的第一步。通过工程地质分区在济南奥体中心勘测中的实际应用,分析场地按地质条件细分对地基承载力、地基基础设计及场地类别划分的影响,指出工程地质条件的详细分区在重大工程建设中的重要性。     

汶川M_S8.0地震前地磁短临异常与强震预测探索

强震前地磁垂直分量日变化异常主要表现在幅度与相位上的变化.利用中国地磁台网多年观测资料,研究了2008年5月12日四川汶川8.0级地震前,地磁垂直分量日变极小值出现的时间(低点时间)在空间分布上的异常特征,即低点位移现象;并用此方法预测了汶川8.0级地震6级余震平静2个月后的一组6级强余震.这种少见的异常现象与强震发生有较好的相关性.发震日期为异常出现后的第27天或第41天的前后4天,强震发生地区在低点位移突变分界线附近.此外,还研究了汶川8.0级地震临震前,震中周围出现的地磁日变幅异常现象.     

Short-term and imminent geomagnetic anomalies of the Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake and exploration on earthquake forecast

The diurnal variation of the geomagnetic vertical component is exhibited mainly by changes of phase and amplitude before strong earthquakes. Based on data recorded by the network of geomagnetic observatories in China for many years, the anomalous features of the appearance time of the minima of diurnal variations (i.e, low-point time) of the geomagnetic vertical components and the variation of their spatial distribution (i.e, phenomena of low-point displacement) have been studied before the Wenchuan M_S8.0 earthquake. The strong aftershocks after two months' quiescence of M6 aftershocks of the M_S8.0 event were forecasted based on these studies. There are good correlativities between these geomagnetic anomalies and occurrences of earthquakes. It has been found that most earthquakes occur near the boundary line of sudden changes of the low-point time and generally within four days before or after the 27th or 41st day counting from the day of the appearance of the anomaly. In addition, the imminent anomalies in diurnal-variation amplitudes near the epicentral areas have also been studied before the Wenchuan earthquake.     

数字化地图印刷一种随机挂网计算模型

基于彩色图像像素3刺激值与相应网点面积率之间的α幂修正的Neugebauer方程,建立由常规的调幅网为基础的调频挂网计算模型,以此实现分色胶片随机挂网     

鄯善油田裂缝特征及构造应力场

通过野外节理裂缝的观测,钻井岩心裂缝的古地磁定向与倾角测井裂缝解释,分析了鄯善油田构造应力场,得出鄯善油田储层构造裂缝发育方位主要为N30°-40°E,N30°-50°W,为一对NE、NW向共轭断裂.高角度缝和垂直缝为主.鄯善构造带是近南北挤压作用下形成的,侏罗纪末期燕山期构造运动为近SN向的主压应力模式,形成油田内一系列近SN向正断层,以及测量的NE、NW向共轭断裂.鄯善油田储层断裂是侏罗纪末期燕山期构造运动形成的.通过倾角测井椭圆井径曲线分析等方法判别的鄯善油田现今最大水平主应力方向约140°.人工压裂的裂缝方位理论上当为140°,它与320°方位的构造缝如果匹配,可能对压裂产生影响.     

Is the September 5, 2022, Luding MS6.8 earthquake an ‘unexpected’ event?

Whether the September 5, 2022, Luding M_S6.8 earthquake is an ‘expected’ event in the context of earthquake forecast? This commentary discusses this issue mainly using the recently proposed ‘earthquake nowcasting’ approach.