内蒙古准苏吉花斑岩型钼矿及外围反射地震探测

内蒙古准苏吉花斑岩型钼矿床是一个中型金属矿床,目前勘查区内还没有较深的钻孔资料。为探测深部隐伏金属矿和控矿构造及深部地质结构,在内蒙古准苏吉花钼矿区及其外围开展了高精度反射地震测量。该反射地震采用2台套大功率可控震源激发,5 m道间距,960道接收,80次覆盖的工作方法,获得了能清晰反映深部地质结构和构造的高精度反射地震剖面。在该剖面上,能够清楚地解释测区导矿和控矿构造及隐伏岩体分布及燕山期与华力西期岩体的交切关系,并据此讨论了地壳深部流体运移的路径和动力过程,为在该区寻找深部隐伏金属矿指明了新的找矿靶区。     

哈拉湖地区天然气水合物地震探测技术试验

哈拉湖位于青藏高原,在该区开展的地质调查、音频大地电磁测深和地球化学调查结果表明,该区具有良好的天然气水合物找矿前景。为寻找天然气水合物,在该区开展了高精度反射地震试验。反射地震采用1 200道接收,道间距2 m,偏移距1 m,炮间距8 m,覆盖次数150次,排列中间激发的观测系统,每道采用6个60 Hz检波器单点组合接收;采样间隔0.5 ms,记录长度2 s,宽频带采集;激发震源为大型车载可控震源。采用该工作方法得到的地震剖面信噪比和分辨率较高,构造形态特征明显。根据试验区地形地貌和地震剖面上反映的永冻土层厚度、断裂构造和高速层分布,结合其他资料,确定了验证孔位。     

Magnetostriction of Fe81Ga19 oriented crystals

The effect of the orientation on the magnetostriction in Fe₈₁Ga₁₉ alloy has been investigated experimentally and theoretically. The Fe₈₁Ga₁₉ [001] and [110] oriented crystals were prepared and the magnetostriction was measured under different pre-stress. The saturation magnetostriction of the [001] oriented crystal increases from 170×10^-6 to 330×10^-6 under the pre-stress from 0 to 50 MPa. The [110] oriented crystal has a saturation magnetostriction from 20×10^-6 to 140×10^-6 with the compressive pre-stress from 0 to 40 MPa. The magnetostriction of [001] and [110] oriented crystals has been simulated based on the phenomenological theory. The domain rotation path has been determined and the resultant magnetostriction calculated under different pre-stress. The experimental and simulated results both show that the [001] oriented crystal exhibits better magnetostriction than [110] oriented crystal. The enhancement of the saturation magnetostriction by the compressive pre-stress in the [110] oriented crystal is higher than that in the [001] oriented crystal.     

模式探空的评估分析及其在强对流天气预报中的应用研究

分析华南地区强对流天气高发季节(4～5月)的模式探空与实际观测的比较结果.从模式探空的直接评估分析中发现,地面和较高层次的预报要素误差比较大,而中间层次误差比较小,在比较多个观测站和实时预报误差分析的基础上初步探讨其可能的原因.在不稳定度指数评估分析中发现,仅考虑中间层次要素的不稳定度指数性能比较稳定,而考虑地面要素的一些不稳定度指数则有可能比较敏感,在用地面观测订正后其质量有很大的提高.在强对流天气个例的应用研究中,认为逐时预报的模式探空有非常好的应用价值,以订正的对流有效位能指数为例进行了一些分析,表     

Binary Star Fractions from the LAMOST DR4

Stellar systems composed of single, double, triple or higher-order systems are rightfully regarded as the fundamental building blocks of the Milky Way. Binary stars play an important role in formation and evolution of the Galaxy. Through comparing the radial velocity variations from multiepoch observations, we analyze the binary fraction of dwarf stars observed with LAMOST. Effects of different model assumptions, such as orbital period distributions on the estimate of binary fractions,are investigated. The results based on log-normal distribution of orbital periods reproduce the previous complete analyses better than the power-law distribution. We find that the binary fraction increases with Teff and decreases with [Fe/H]. We first investigate the relation between α-elements and binary fraction in such a large sample as provided by LAMOST. The old stars with high [α/Fe] dominate with a higher binary fraction than young stars with low [α/Fe]. At the same mass, earlier forming stars possess a higher binary fraction than newly forming ones, which may be related with evolution of the Galaxy.     

城市化对珠江三角洲强雷暴天气的可能影响

通过对2004年8月11日午后发生在珠江三角洲地区的一次强雷暴天气的高分辨数值模拟，研究了城市化发展可能对雷暴活动的影响问题，主要考察了与城市土地利用类型改变相关的“城市热岛”的形成和演变特征，城区粗糙度增大可能引起的低层辐合的增强过程，及其与雷暴发展强度变化的关系。结果表明:模拟的雷暴发展和演变过程与这一地区城市化的发展有密切的联系。引进了更加真实的关于珠江三角洲地区的土地利用类型资料之后，耦合了陆面模式Noah LSM的MM5模式可以更加成功地模拟出强雷暴天气的发展和演变过程。雷暴系统移经主要城市区后在珠江口西岸的增强过程与这一地区“城市热岛”的效应有关。中午时热岛开始形成于广州城区的上空，之后向南移动，范围扩大。另外，城区粗糙度增大引起的低层辐合增强可能在雷暴发展和演变过程中也起到了作用。模拟的与城市影响有关的低层辐合主要位于500 m以下的近地面层，开始时形成于城市的上风方向，并在下风方向增强， 由此引起的强烈上升运动有利于新的对流的启动和发展，促使雷暴强度增强。     

Reservoir information extraction using a fractional fourier transform and a smooth pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution

Currently, it is difficult for people to express signal information simultaneously in the time and frequency domains when analyzing acoustic logging signals using a simple-time or frequency-domain method. It is difficult to use a single type of time-frequency analysis method, which affects the feasibility of acoustic logging signal analysis. In order to solve these problems, in this paper, a fractional Fourier transform and smooth pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution (SPWD) were combined and used to analyze array acoustic logging signals. The time-frequency distribution of signals with the variation of orders of fractional Fourier transform was obtained, and the characteristics of the time-frequency distribution of different reservoirs under different orders were summarized. Because of the rotational characteristics of the fractional Fourier transform, the rotation speed of the cross terms was faster than those of primary waves, shear waves, Stoneley waves, and pseudo Rayleigh waves. By choosing different orders for different reservoirs according to the actual circumstances, the cross terms were separated from the four kinds of waves. In this manner, we could extract reservoir information by studying the characteristics of partial waves. Actual logging data showed that the method outlined in this paper greatly weakened cross-term interference and enhanced the ability to identify partial wave signals.     

鄂皖赣巨型矿集区的构造复合成矿特征

通过综合研究,提出鄂皖赣相邻的地区处于华南洋构造域扬子反S型构造体系东部,燕山期时与滨太平洋构造域新华夏构造体系郯庐断裂带集群复合,形成一个由巨量金属矿质堆积的巨型内生金属矿集区。钨、铜、金、银、钽、铀、铁多金属在国内均占有重要地位,拟称之为鄂皖赣巨型矿集区。研究论证了晋宁期华南洋的位置及其陆缘弧盆系统。进一步论述了该区中新元古代以来自晋宁期华南洋、扬子-加里东期华南裂谷系到华力西-印支期陆表海的地质发展演化、构造格局及成矿作用。重点讨论了燕山期陆内活化造山与岩浆成矿大爆发的构造活动方式以及构造复合控岩控矿特征。初步构建了鄂皖赣燕山期巨型矿集区的框架及其成矿带、成矿亚带、主要矿集区、重要矿田的空间展布。在此基础上研究指出,晋宁期华南洋及其陆缘弧盆的地质背景是有利的成矿之基;欧亚板块与古太平洋板块强烈的相互作用引发的燕山期陆内活化造山,导致多源成矿岩浆与成矿流体大爆发是大规模成矿之源;两大构造域、两大构造体系复合是形成巨型矿集区之因。     

汶川Ms8．0地震孕育发生的机制与动力学问题

2008年5月12日四川省汶川县发生了Ms8.0强烈地震.发震断层是龙门山断裂带的映秀-北川断裂.分析震前的GPS速度场发现,从巴颜喀拉块体西部到龙门山断裂带沿大约N103°E方向的缩短速率为13.0 mm/a,龙门山断裂带的右旋走滑速率1.1 mm/a,断裂带处于闭锁状态.四川盆地沿大约N103°E方向有少量的压缩变形,而沿SW方向有少量的拉张变形.同震位移场显示,这次地震可能是巴颜喀拉块体SE向逆冲与四川盆地NW向俯冲同时发生的.应变场分析发现,震前震中区的主压与主张应变率分别为-30.840×10-9/a与13.956×10-9/a,主压应变轴N105.4°E与震源机制解得到的主压应力轴的方向N103°E一致.由本文提出的应力-应变机制得到的断层滑动方向和走向与地表破裂调查和震源机制解得到的结果一致.印度、太平洋和菲律宾海板块与欧洲板块的相互作用足龙门山断裂带积累弹性应变能和孕育汶川地震的长期作用力.苏门达腊大地震使青藏高原和华南块体的相互作用加强,促进了汶川地震的发生.     

渤海盆地的现今扩张运动

关于渤海盆地的扩张,前人已有很多研究成果.但是,对渤海盆地现今扩张的主方向,扩张的速率和笵围迄今还不清楚,本文试图探讨之.根据中国地壳运动观测网络GPS网1998~2004年的观测结果,建立了渤海盆地周围地区相对于欧亚板块的速度场.将该区划分为8个块体,建立了各块体的速度模型,得到该区的水平形变速度场和应变场.分析形变速度场和应变场的空间变化,发现渤海及周围地区呈现明显的NW-SE方向的双向扩张运动,扩张速率为2.5±1.8 mm/a.NW-SE与NE-SW方向扩张范围分别为310 km与 410 km.渤海盆地扩张的范围与华北地壳最薄的区域基本一致,这表明上地壳的扩张变形与上地幔的隆升密切相关,岩石圈减薄和岩浆上涌使上地壳发生拉张变形,使渤海地区发育成一个拉张盆地.