钙质土中重力串锚水平承载力特性有限元研究

目前没有规范给出串锚的水平承载力计算公式,为了利用有限元法研究串锚水平承载力特性,采用相关理论计算以及室内试验的方法来验证有限元法模拟计算的可靠性。实践证明,有限元法具有较高的计算精度。利用有限元分析软件ABAQUS建立了串锚-土体模型,模拟串锚在水平荷载作用下破坏过程,研究了串锚在水平荷载作用下破坏机理,从而得到了串锚水平承载力特性。在相同的工况条件下,串锚的水平承载力与其锚链长度有关,在一定范围内,增加锚链的长度可以提高串锚的水平承载力;串锚的水平承载力不是相应的单个锚的水平承载力相加,其水平承载力小于相应的单个锚水平承载力之和,在进行串锚水平承载力设计计算时应给与相应的考虑。     

深海超软土动剪切模量与阻尼比特性研究

海底表层的结构物在使用中可能受到动荷载作用,为保证其的长期稳定性,有必要对海床表层的深海超软土动力学特性展开研究。使用Anton Paar MCR302流变仪,采用应变控制模式,对含水率高于液限的深海超软土进行动态剪切测试,研究动态流变参数、动剪切模量G和阻尼比λ的变化规律。结果表明,随着剪切应变的增大,深海超软土的变形由可恢复的弹性变形主导逐渐过渡为不可恢复的黏性变形主导。通过建立动态流变参数与动剪切模量G和阻尼比λ的关系,探讨了深海超软土的动力特性。根据深海超软土动剪切模量G的变化特征,提出了峰值参考应变的概念,建立了最大动剪模量Gmax与归一化含水率w/w_p(w为含水率,w_p为塑性含水率)的关系。结果还显示,相较于常规黏土,深海超软土的G/G_max-γ(γ为剪切应变)曲线衰减较快,且受塑性指数影响较小。深海超软土的阻尼比整体偏高,并随剪切应变的增大快速上升。根据试验结果,给出描述深海超软土G/G_max-γ、λ-γ曲线的数学模型。     

Coupling Effect of Riser on Integrated FPS in Deepwater Area

The main challenge in predicting global responses of floating vessels in deepwater and ultra-deepwater areas comes from the system's coupled effect.In this paper,the coupled approach is used to analyze effects of riser on floating system in deepwater.The analysis results show that the coupling effects of risers will mainly affect the low frequency (LF) motions of the system.That is because risers will provide the system with a significant low frequency (LF) damping which will vary with the sea states.Under ...     

南海和阿拉伯湾钙质砂工程特性对比研究

钙质砂在我国南海有广泛的分布。随着海上石油工业和海洋资源的开发利用,钙质砂问题日益得到重视。用室内试验的方法,采用相同级配的南海钙质砂和阿拉伯湾钙质砂进行了分析,结果显示,相同级配的南海钙质砂和阿拉伯湾钙质砂的最大最小干密度存在明显差异,南海钙质砂均低于阿拉伯湾钙质砂。同时在级配以及密实度相同的条件下,南海钙质砂的应力-应变关系表现为硬化,而阿拉伯湾钙质砂表现为软化;两者在Dr=0.3时,内摩擦角接近,均为33°左右,但随着相对密实度的增加,南海钙质砂内摩擦角增长速度更快,在Dr=0.8时达到37.7°,明显高于相同密实度的阿拉伯湾钙质砂的34.9°。电镜分析显示,在微观结构上,南海钙质砂的颗粒多棱角,内孔隙更加发育,这是造成南海钙质砂与阿拉伯湾钙质砂物理力学性质差异的重要原因之一。     

海洋平台打桩过程中溜桩对桩基影响的研究

打桩过程中突然快速的溜桩可能造成脱锤,桩体破坏,引发安全事故。由于溜桩的产生往往造成打桩锤击数的预测值与实测值具有较大的偏差,此时准确评价溜桩后桩基承载力就成为实际工程中非常关注的问题。本文选择我国东海两个工程实例,根据现场高应变动测试验和打桩记录,研究了溜桩对桩基承载力的影响。计算分析显示,溜桩的产生会导致打桩总能量的明显降低;现场动测试验结果显示,溜桩发生后在发生溜桩的土层的桩体侧摩阻力接近于零,而桩端阻力没有明显的异常,说明溜桩导致的承载力降低主要来自于侧摩阻力的减小。在本文的实例中,溜桩导致的桩基承载力的降低最大可以达到桩基承载力计算值的17%。     

大直径超长管桩打桩过程中土塞性状研究

大直径超长桩的可打入分析是海洋平台打桩施工顺利进行的重要保障,土塞是否闭合的判断对于桩基可打入性分析具有较大的影响,因此,合理准确的土塞判断结果对提高桩的可打入分析的准确性具有重要的意义。以现场静力触探(CPTU)试验数据为依据,采用孔扩张理论推导了基于CPTU测试结果的桩端土的极限承载力计算公式;在求解桩端土体承载力时考虑了管桩与土体的刚度差异,同时考虑到打桩过程中的土体扰动。采用Randolph推荐的方法得到了土塞阻力,将两者进行比较,进而判断土塞的状态。通过实际工程的实测数据,对各个土层的土塞状况进行了判别,并根据判别情况采用波动方程的方法对桩基的可打入性进行了分析,将预测结果和现场的打桩记录进行了比较。计算结果显示,提出的方法与实测结果更为接近,有效地提高了桩的可打入性的预测精度。     

钙质粗粒料颗粒强度和压缩特性的试验研究

目前对钙质土压缩特性的研究主要集中在钙质细砂,而实际工程中广泛存在钙质粗粒料,因此对钙质粗粒料压缩特性开展研究具有重要意义。通过颗粒强度测定仪和全自动大型固结仪对钙质土进行了单颗粒破碎试验和一维压缩试验,研究了颗粒粒径和相对密度对钙质粗粒料的颗粒强度和压缩特性的影响。单颗粒试验结果表明,钙质砂单颗粒的特征应力随着颗粒相对密度的增大而增大;单颗粒的破碎强度具有明显的尺寸效应,可利用单颗粒的特征应力进行标准化,且服从Weibull分布。压缩试验结果表明,单一粒径试样破碎后的分形维数随颗粒粒径的增大而增大;试样的Hardin破碎率与塑性功的关系为幂函数关系;在本次试验条件下,单一粒径试样的屈服应力与单颗粒的特征应力存在近似线性关系。     

海洋平台大直径钢管桩打桩过程有限元分析研究

近年来海上工程的规模越来越大,为了满足工程需要,桩基设计常常采用大直径,大长度的钢管桩。打桩过程是个相当复杂的过程,不仅涉及到几何非线性、材料非线性、边界非线性,而且是个动力过程。有限元法在处理打桩分析方面具有很强的优势,采用PLAXIS对不同条件下的打桩问题进行了动力模拟分析。分析显示在打桩过程中,桩端土体会产生较大的水平位移和竖向位移,桩端土体和靠近桩端的部分土塞内会产生较大的超孔隙水压力。在砂土中,停锤较短时间也会使孔压迅速消散,这也是打桩中间的停锤会造成后续打桩困难的主要原因。     

Study of Wave and Tide Influence on Slope Stability of the Navigation Channel of Tianjin Port

The Tianjin Port is the largest man-made port in China.Since the navigation channel of the Tianjin Port is constructed by dredging,a very important problem,as many people concerned,is the submarine slope stability.As the environment on land is different from that in submarine,it is necessary to evaluate the influence of the environmental loading,such as wave and tide,on the stability of navigation channel slope.In the present study,based on the observed results,the characteristics of the navigation channel slope are summarized,and the causes of creating the special slope shape are analyzed.The roles of waves and tides are evaluated,and failure mechanics are discussed to helq us predict what will happen in the future.     

Study on interaction between soil and anchor chain with finite element method

With the development of offshore engineering, deeply embedded anchors are needed to be penetrated to appreciable depth and attached at the pad-eye. The interaction between anchor chain and soil is a very complex process and has not been thoroughly understood yet. In this paper, the finite element method (FEM) was used to study the interaction of soil-chain system. Results of the analysis show that when the attachment point is at a shallow depth, the load-development characteristics of the chain from FEM are in good agreement with that from the model tests and theoretical analysis. But with the depth increment, the results are different obviously in different methods. This phenomenon is resulted from a variety of reasons, and the plastic zone around the chain was studied to try finding the mechanism behind it. It could be seen that the plastic zone extended in different modes at different depths of attachment points. The interaction between the soil and anchor chain makes the load acting on the anchor decrease, but the soil disturbed surrounding the chain increases the anchor failure possibility. When the anchor bearing capacity is evaluated, these two factors should be considered properly at the same time.