用于南非疟疾控制的空间辅助决策支持系统

莫桑比克、斯威士兰和南非政府于1999年建立了Lubombo空间发展计划(LSDI),用于促进国家边境地区农村的经济发展。LSDI的目标是增加就业机会,吸引投资,预计五年达到如下目标:促进政府间多层次合作;提高国家在基础设施、旅游和农业的投资;建立稳定的投资环境。     

玄武质岩石的磁性矿物学在鉴别岩浆源方面的应用

在本篇论文中,着重研究玄武质熔岩的磁性特征如何用于判别构造背景。对于火山岩中磁性矿物的详尽研究可以获得更多的有关火山岩形成过程中火成作用及侵位后蚀变类型的很多信息。常规的矿物学和岩石学研究以及显微探针分析只能识别这些磁性矿物,简单应用以上技术还不能获得有关它们磁性特征的很多信息。这些信息可用于几个磁性实验中,除了产生的结果可用于已知岩石中出现的所有磁性矿物的磁性状态的特征化之外,这     

日本某些玄武质岩石显示的弧下最上部地幔的地球化学演化

多方面的证据表明,日本下部的最上部地幔有能够产生岛弧型岩浆的化学组分,这些化学组分相对于大离子亲石元素(LILE)和轻稀土元素(LREE)具有亏损Nb和其它高场强元素(HFSE)的特征,甚至在俯冲的海洋板块中没有流体的注入。总之,由于古岛弧的岩浆作用,地幔似乎已经发生了化学演化。     

Field test of the superconducting gravimeter as a hydrologic sensor

We report on a field test of a transportable version of a superconducting gravimeter (SG) intended for groundwater storage monitoring. The test was conducted over a 6-month period at a site adjacent to a well in the recharge zone of the karstic Edwards Aquifer, a major groundwater resource in central Texas. The purpose of the study was to assess requirements for unattended operation of the SG in a field setting and to obtain a gravimetric estimate of aquifer specific yield. The experiment confirmed successful operation of the SG, but water level changes were small (<0.3 m) leading to uncertainty in the estimate of specific yield. Barometric pressure changes were the dominant cause of both water level variations and non-tidal gravity changes. The specific yield estimate (0.26) is larger than most published values and dependent mainly on low frequency variations in residual gravity and water level time series.     

榴辉岩的部分熔融是地幔中岩浆产生的一种机制

在Yakutia和南非的金伯利岩筒中观察到具有部分熔融作用特征的榴辉岩。经研究测定可以看出,在一些复矿物榴辉岩和蓝晶石榴辉岩的地幔捕虏体中有部分熔融的信息。填隙熔体的结晶产物发育在粒间。有时,它形成穿切脉体和作为绿辉石的次生替代矿物产     

Dora Maira地块（意大利西阿尔卑斯）含柯石英岩石的剥露

意大利西阿尔卑斯南Dora Maira地块的含柯石英的极高压岩石,在白垩纪期间自100 km的深处暴露出来。这些岩石现在仅被薄片状的同变质盖层所覆盖,二者之间呈构造接触,为一退变质的韧性剪切带。该剪切带切掉了构造变质堆积体中的厚层地壳部分,并导致了始阿尔卑斯期的压力和热构造的集中。其结果使始阿尔卑斯造山楔侧向离散,且促进了极高压岩石的揭顸。拉伸揭顶作用与该区白垩纪时缺乏大规律剥蚀作用相一致,也与极高压岩石在减压冷却时显示的P—T迹相一致。这些极高压岩石在大约40 Ma期间到达地壳浅部,而且变薄的部分仰冲得更远一些。这表明,极高压岩石的剥露发生于所有板块会聚的位置,早于欧洲和亚得里亚板块的最终缝合。     

变形物质的反应──迁移动力学与位错图案

结晶物质在受到机械强应力作用,如旋转或单一重压的许多情况下可以出现位错图案。这表明,在缺陷运动和相互作用的联合效应下,均匀的位错分布通过空间变化可以变成不稳定的,导致各种似蜂窝状到壁状或迷宫式图案的形成。在疲劳金属中连续的滑移条带形成的屏障构造,已在非线状反应—迁移类型动力学的框架中作过讨论和分析。本文特别强调了在对物质非稳定性和缺陷显微构造的基本了解中,非稳定性和自组织概念的重要性。     

Delineation of regional arid karstic aquifers: an integrative data approach

This research integrates data procedures for the delineation of regional ground water flow systems in arid karstic basins with sparse hydrogeologic data using surface topography data, geologic mapping, permeability data, chloride concentrations of ground water and precipitation, and measured discharge data. This integrative data analysis framework can be applied to evaluate arid karstic aquifer systems globally. The accurate delineation of ground water recharge areas in developing aquifer systems with sparse hydrogeologic data is essential for their effective long-term development and management. We illustrate the use of this approach in the Cuatrociénegas Basin (CCB) of Mexico. Aquifers are characterized using geographic information systems for ground water catchment delineation, an analytical model for interbasin flow evaluation, a chloride balance approach for recharge estimation, and a water budget for mapping contributing catchments over a large region. The test study area includes the CCB of Coahuila, Mexico, a UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve containing more than 500 springs that support ground water-dependent ecosystems with more than 70 endemic organisms and irrigated agriculture. We define recharge areas that contribute local and regional ground water discharge to springs and the regional flow system. Results show that the regional aquifer system follows a topographic gradient that during past pluvial periods may have linked the Río Nazas and the Río Aguanaval of the Sierra Madre Occidental to the Río Grande via the CCB and other large, currently dry, upgradient lakes.     

球粒陨石冲击脉体冷却速率对(Mg,Fe)_2SiO_4多型转变的制约

发生在寺巷口陨石冲击脉体的较大冷却速率 ( >1 0 0 0 0℃·s-1)使得橄榄石(α 相 )的高压多型γ相被保存了下来 ;冷却速率中等的和平河陨石冲击脉体 ( 1 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 0℃·s-1) ,γ相部分逆转为β相 ,但β相向α相的进一步逆转受阻 ,脉体保存了β相 ;冷却速率较慢的蒙巴喇陨石冲击脉体 ( <5 0 0℃·s-1) ,γ相几乎全部逆转为α相 .冲击脉体的热散失滞后于陨石母体冲击压缩阶段 ,发生在陨石母体崩解成碎块以后 .脉体的冷却速率制约了 (Mg ,Fe) 2 SiO4高压多型的逆向转变过程 .