锁定真凶：调查图坦卡门谋杀案（续）

公元前13世纪，图坦卡门在孩提时代就被立为埃及法老，这个男孩被人民奉为神明，然而这位举世闻名的法老，在20岁之前就死去了，他的死亡一直笼罩着迷雾。     

A comprehensive classification of anomalous circulation patterns responsible for persistent precipitation extremes in South China

Based on observational precipitation at 63 stations in South China and NCEP NCAR reanalysis data during 1951 2010,a cluster analysis is performed to classify large-scale circulation patterns responsible for persistent precipitation extremes(PPEs) that are independent of the influence of tropical cyclones(TCs).Conceptual schematics depicting configurations among planetary-scale systems at different levels are established for each type.The PPEs free from TCs account for 38.6%of total events,and they tend to occur during April August and October,with the highest frequency observed in June.Corresponding circulation patterns during June August can be mainly categorized into two types,i.e.,summer-Ⅰ type and summer-Ⅱtype.In summer-Ⅰ type,the South Asian high takes the form of a zonal-belt type.The axis of upstream westerly jets is northwest-oriented.At the middle level,the westerly jets at midlatitudes extend zonally.Along the southern edge of the westerly jet,synoptic eddies steer cold air to penetrate southward;the Bay of Bengal(BOB) trough is located to the north;a shallow trough resides over coastal areas of western South China;and an intensified western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH) extends westward.The anomalous moisture is mainly contributed by horizontal advection via southwesterlies around 20°N and southeasterlies from the southern flange of the WPSH.Moisture convergence maximizes in coastal regions of eastern South China,which is the very place recording extreme precipitation.In summer-Ⅱ type,the South Asian high behaves as a western-center type.The BOB trough is much deeper,accompanied by a cyclone to its north;and a lower-level trough appears in northwestern parts of South China.Different to summer-Ⅰ type,moisture transport via southwesterlies is mostly responsible for the anomalous moisture in this type.The moisture convergence zones cover Guangdong,Guangxi,and Hainan,matching well with the areas of flooding.It is these set combinations among different systems at different levels that trigger PPEs in South China.     

关键元素与生命健康:中国耕地缺硒吗?

地球上的生命和非生命都是由自然界已发现的92种化学元素组成的,通过全国土壤地球化学基准值与人体血液元素含量对比研究,发现血液中40~50种化学元素平均值与土壤地球化学基准值的分布高度一致,表明这些关键元素与生命息息相关。近年大家持续关注的硒(Se)元素是人体必需的微量元素,缺乏会产生健康风险,但摄入过量也会导致中毒,因此被称为健康窗口元素。过去研究认为,中国耕地缺硒是造成健康危害的原因之一。本文通过对全国3 382个网格化点位土壤采样,获得Se的地球化学基准值和空间分布数据,发现中国贫硒国土面积,按照世界卫生组织推荐值(0.1 mg/kg)和中国规范(0.125 mg/kg)计算,分别占21.1%和31.6%;适宜区(0.125~0.40 mg/kg)面积大约555万km²,占国土面积约57.1%;富硒区(>0.40 mg/kg)面积达110万km²,占国土面积约11.2%。贫硒国土主要分布在青藏高原和内蒙古局部地区,而中国9大平原的粮食主产区耕地总体上不缺硒,其中珠江三角洲平原、广西平原、成都平原、长江中下游平原是富硒区(>0.40 mg/kg),华北平原、东北平原、三江平原、关中平原是硒边缘区-适量区(0.125~0.40 mg/kg),只有河套平原是缺硒区(<0.125 mg/kg)。根据覆盖全国的网格化土壤采样分析结果,发现低硒带呈不连续的片状分布于内蒙古东部至青藏高原一带,与传统认为“低硒带分布于东北三省至西南云贵高原”不完全一致。硒的空间分布模式主要受地质背景、岩石类型、土壤类型和自然地理景观控制。     

我国海洋管理中的协调机制探析

由于海洋管理客体的特殊性,以及海洋管理中各涉海主体矛盾的不断增多,协调问题日益受到重视,建立协调机制也就成为迫切的需求.海洋管理协调机制主要处理的关系有:各涉海行业间的关系、涉海的中央与地方政府间的关系、海洋综合管理部门与各涉海行业间的关系以及海洋管理部门与企业、公众的关系.从政府的角度看,健全组织机构和促进制度化建设,是建立健全海洋管理协调机制的前提和基础.     

东阳市积极做好耕地保障工作

根据国土资源部和省国土资源厅相关文件要求,东阳市国土资源局积极做好土地整理复垦开发项目的信息报备工作。由于今年国土部对土地整理复垦开发项目信息报备系统进行了升级优化,对项目信息的报备和耕地占补平衡工作提出了更高的要求。东阳市国土资源局主动与省厅土地勘测规划院衔接取经,克服技术难题,在全省率先圆满完成今年新验项目和国家投资土地整理项目的信息报备工作。截止日前。已完成新上报土地整理复垦开发项目32件,其中国家投资土地整理项目3件。     

富阳市开展“拉高标杆 借势发展”解放思想大讨论

从1月上旬开始到1月底,富阳市国土资源局围绕“拉高标杆、借势发展”主题,组织开展解放思想大讨论活动。重点围绕“找差距、找标杆、找办法”开展讨论,围绕“比干劲、比执行、比合力”展开竞赛,围绕“带头干、带着干、带领干”落实行动。通过开展解放思想大讨论,使党员干部充分认识到当前国土资源工作发展面临的机遇和挑战。认真查找工作中与先进地区的差距与不足,     

1321号台风“蝴蝶”强度变化特征和影响因素分析

利用NCEP/NCAR全球再分析格点资料（空间分辨率1°×1°）、台风实况资料及海南省气象台站观测资料,选取1321号台风＂蝴蝶＂为研究个例,从天气学原理高低空形势及动力、热力学物理量等多角度分析了＂蝴蝶＂强度演变特征及影响因素.研究结果表明,副热带高压与高空西风槽是影响此次台风的主要大尺度天气系统,弱冷空气南侵、南海海温偏高及越赤道气流强盛是＂蝴蝶＂迅速加强的重要原因.西风槽引导弱冷空气南侵使得台风外围环流气压梯度增加,斜压不稳定状态加剧;南海海温达到29℃,海温偏高使台风区域大气层结降低,深热对流发展;105°E越赤道气流强盛为台风提供了充沛水汽和能量.三者共同作用促使台风强度突然增强.另外,低层涡度、高层散度、湿位涡及水汽通量等物理量能够较好地表征＂蝴蝶＂强度变化特征.低层辐合流入、高层辐散流出为台风的加强提供了动力条件;湿位涡下负上正表明大气热力层结不稳定;水汽通量增加表明水汽条件充足.良好的动力条件、热力条件与水汽条件共同作用,使得＂蝴蝶＂在短时间内迅速加强为强台风.     

海南岛气温年际变化与海温的关系

利用1966～2007年海南岛18个市县逐月平均气温和NCEP再分析海表温度资料,对海南各季平均气温年际变化的时空特征及其与不同海域海表温度的相关关系进行了较细致的分析,结果表明:海南各季节气温年际变化的空间分布呈现出很好的一致性;西北太平洋西部是影响海南省冬季气温年际变化的关键区,受海温影响最显著的是中部山区;热带印度洋是影响海南省春季气温年际变化的关键区,受该海域表面温度影响最显著的是南部地区;南海海域是影响海南省夏季气温年际变化的关键区.受该海域表面温度影响相对较弱的是东南少部分地区;热带东太平洋是影响海南省秋季气温年际变化的关键区,受该海域海表温度影响相对较弱的依然是东南的少部分地区.     

DIFFERENCES AMONG DIFFERENT DATABASES IN THE NUMBER OF TROPICAL CYCLONES FORMING OVER THE WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC

As shown in comparisons of the characteristics of inter-annual and inter-decadal variability and periodical changes in the number of tropical cyclones forming over the western North Pacific by three major forecast centers, i.e. China Meteorological Administration (CMA), Regional Specialized Meteorological Center of Tokyo (JMA) and Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) of Guam, there are the following important points. (1) Climatology of tropical cyclone (TC) or typhoon (TC on the intensity of TS or stronger) shows some difference in tropical cyclone frequency among the centers, which is more notable with TC than with typhoon. Both of them are more at the database of CMA than at those of the other two centers. (2) The difference is too significant to ignore in the inter-annual variability of tropical cyclone frequency between CMA and JTWC, which mainly results from the obvious difference in the inter-annual variability of the number of generated tropical depression (TD) between the two databases. The difference is small in the inter-annual variability of TS formations among all the three databases, and consistence is good between JMA and CMA or JTWC. (3) Though differences are not significant in the periodical variation of TC formations between CMA and JTWC, they are markedly apart in the inter-decadal variability, which is mainly shown by an anti-phase during the 1990s. (4) Non-homogeneity may exist around the late stage of the 1960s in the data of tropical cyclone frequency.     

利用窄线宽激光测量锶原子束速率分布

利用多普勒频移效应,通过线宽2MHz窄线宽激光与锶原子束在大角度作用下的荧光信号分析,测量了锶原子束速率分布。比较和分析表明,理论结果与实验结果符合较好。